{"NOAAStudyId":"14610","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-06-24","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-14610.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":434,"earliestYearCE":1516,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-14610","funding":[],"investigators":"Butler, P.G.; Scourse, J.D.; Richardson, C.A.; Wanamaker, A.D.; Bryant, C.L.; Bennell, J.D.","mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14610","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Butler, P.G., C.A. Richardson, J.D. Scourse, A.D. Wanamaker, T.M. Shammon, and J.D. Bennell. 2010. Marine climate in the Irish Sea: analysis of a 489-year marine master chronology derived from growth increments in the shell of the clam Arctica islandica. Quaternary Science Reviews, 29(13-14), 1614-1632.  doi: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.010","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.010","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.07.010"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Marine climate in the Irish Sea: analysis of a 489-year marine master chronology derived from growth increments in the shell of the clam Arctica islandica","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":"The identification in various proxy records of periods of rapid (decadal scale) climate change over recent millennia, together with the possibility that feedback mechanisms may amplify climate system responses to increasing atmospheric CO2, highlights the importance of a detailed understanding, at high spatial and temporal resolutions, of forcings and feedbacks within the system. Such an understanding has hitherto been limited because the temperate marine environment has lacked an absolute timescale of the kind provided by tree-rings for the terrestrial environment and by corals for the tropical marine environment. Here we present the first annually resolved, multi-centennial (489-year), absolutely dated, shell-based marine master chronology. The chronology has been constructed by detrending and averaging annual growth increment widths in the shells of multiple specimens of the very long-lived bivalve mollusc Arctica islandica, collected from sites to the south and west of the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea. The strength of the common environmental signal expressed in the chronology is fully comparable with equivalent statistics for tree-ring chronologies. Analysis of the 14C signal in the shells shows no trend in the marine radiocarbon reservoir correction (ΔR), although it may be more variable before ∼1750. The δ13C signal shows a very significant (R2=0.456, pb0.0001) trend due to the 13C Suess effect.","author":null,"citation":"Butler, P.G., J.D. Scourse, C.A. Richardson, A.D. Wanamaker, C.L. Bryant and J.D. Bennell. 2009. Continuous marine radiocarbon reservoir calibration and the 13C Suess effect in the Irish Sea: Results from the first multi-centennial shell-based marine master chronology. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 279, 230-241. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.043","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.043","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.043"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Continuous marine radiocarbon reservoir calibration and the 13C Suess effect in the Irish Sea: Results from the first multi-centennial shell-based marine master chronology","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55069","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["53.96667","54.31667","-4.91667","-4.68333"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-4.68333","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"54.31667","southernmostLatitude":"53.96667","westernmostLongitude":"-4.91667"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Irish Sea","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24667","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/butler2009/butler2009-chron.txt","linkText":"butler2009-chron.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Arctica islandica; 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(i) The ‘standard’ version is not modelled and retains all the persistence from the individual series. (ii) The ‘residual’ version is produced from series which have had all autocorrelation removed. (iii) The ‘ARSTAN’ version includes only that autocorrelation which is common to multiple series with the intention of incorporating only persistence resulting from common external forcing. In this paper the ‘standard’ version is used for basic chronology assessment, the ‘residual’ version is used for high-frequency analysis of growth response, and the ‘ARSTAN’ version is used for response analysis involving medium-frequency or smoothed climate variables.","earliestYear":1516,"earliestYearBP":434,"earliestYearCE":1516,"mostRecentYear":2004,"mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"24668","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/butler2009/butler2009-d13C.txt","linkText":"butler2009-d13C.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling 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spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Arctica islandica","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>bivalve","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]}],"dataTableName":"Irish Sea d13C Butler09","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1593,"earliestYearBP":357,"earliestYearCE":1593,"mostRecentYear":2001,"mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"24669","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>physical properties"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/butler2009/butler2009-raw.txt","linkText":"butler2009-raw.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Arctica islandica; unspecified measurement","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>bivalve","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"}]}],"dataTableName":"Irish Sea raw measurements Butler09","dataTableNotes":"Raw measurements in microns of the shells used in the chronologies in Butler et al 2009 and Butler et al 2010.","earliestYear":1516,"earliestYearBP":434,"earliestYearCE":1516,"mostRecentYear":2004,"mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"24676","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/butler2009/butler2009-deltaR.txt","linkText":"butler2009-deltaR.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Sample year of birth","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Sample year of death","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"at 640 nm","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"watt per steradian","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>reflectance"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"uncalibrated","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"relative [1950 - Sclero Year of Death + 20]","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"dated using INTCAL04","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"using INTCAL04","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"dated using MARINE04","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"using MARINE04","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected using delta R value","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"radiocarbon year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected using delta R value","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":"unspecified margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"radiocarbon year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"year of death minus 20 years","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"global average reservoir age","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"radiocarbon year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"local reservoir age","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"radiocarbon year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"Irish Sea delta-R Butler09","dataTableNotes":"Data from tables 1 and 2 in Butler et al. 2009.","earliestYear":1516,"earliestYearBP":434,"earliestYearCE":1516,"mostRecentYear":1933,"mostRecentYearBP":17,"mostRecentYearCE":1933,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Irish Sea West of Isle of Man"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Irish Sea 500 Year Arctica islandica Carbon Isotope and Chronology Record","studyNotes":"These datasets include raw measurements of annual growth increments in shells of the mollusc Arctica islandica from sites close to the Isle of Man, Irish Sea; crossdated chronologies derived using mean value functions of the detrended raw measurements; delta 13C data and radiocarbon data, including the marine radiocarbon reservoir correction (delta R). All these data are used in Butler et al 2009, and the chronologies are also used in Butler et al 2010, Quaternary Science Reviews 29(2010) 1614-1632\r\nKeywords: Sclerochronology, Irish Sea, Arctica islandica","version":"1.0","xmlId":"12591"}