{"NOAAStudyId":"16491","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-05-21","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-16491.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":21726,"earliestYearCE":-19776,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-16491","funding":[],"investigators":"Thornalley, D.J.R.; Elderfield, H.; McCave, I.N.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16491","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Thornalley, D.J.R., I.N. McCave, and H. Elderfield. 2010. \nFreshwater input and abrupt deglacial climate change \nin the North Atlantic. \nPaleoceanography, 25, PA1201, doi:10.1029/2009PA001772. \n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2009PA001772","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001772"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Freshwater input and abrupt deglacial climate change  in the North Atlantic","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave"},"citation":"Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave. 2009. Holocene oscillations in temperature and salinity of the subpolar North Atlantic. Nature, 457(5), 711-714. doi: 10.1038/nature07717","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature07717","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07717"},"issue":"5","journal":"Nature","pages":"711-714","pubRank":"4","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Holocene oscillations in temperature and salinity of the subpolar North Atlantic","type":"publication","volume":"457"},{"abstract":"Paired Mg/Ca–d18O measurements on multiple species of planktic foraminifera are combined with published benthic isotope records from south of Iceland in order to assess the role North Atlantic freshwater input played in determining the evolution of hydrography and climate during the last deglaciation. We demonstrate that Globigerina bulloides and Globorotalia inflata are restricted to intervals when warm Atlantic waters reached the area south of Iceland, and therefore Mg/Ca–d18O data from these species monitor changes in the temperature and seawater d18O signature of the northward inflow of Atlantic water to the area. In contrast, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) calcifies within local subpolar/polar waters and new Mg/Ca–d18O analyses on this species document changes in this water mass. We observe two major surface ocean events during Heinrich Stadial 1 (~ 17–14.7 ka): an early freshening of the Atlantic Inflow (~ 17–16 ka), and a later interval (16–14.7 ka) of local surface freshening, sea-ice formation and brine rejection that was associated with a further reduction in deep ocean ventilation. Centennial-scale cold intervals during the Bølling–Allerød (BA, 14.7–12.9 ka) were likely triggered by the rerouting of North American continental run-off during ice-sheet retreat. However, the relative effects of these freshwater events on deep ventilation and climate south of Iceland appear to have been modulated by the background climate deterioration. Two freshwater events occurred during the Younger Dryas cold interval (YD, 12.9–11.7 ka), both accompanied by a reduction in deep ventilation south of Iceland: an early YD freshening of the Atlantic Inflow and local subpolar/polar waters, and a late YD ice-rafted detritus event that was possibly related to brine formation south of Iceland. Based on our reconstructions, the strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at the onset of BA and Holocene may have been promoted by the subsurface warming of subpolar/polar water, brine formation that drew warm saline Atlantic water northwards, and the high background salinity of the Atlantic Inflow.","author":{"name":"Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave"},"citation":"Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave. 2011. Reconstructing North Atlantic deglacial surface hydrography and its link to the Atlantic overturning circulation. Global and Planetary Change, 79, 163-175. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.06.003","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.06.003","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.06.003"},"issue":null,"journal":"Global and Planetary Change","pages":"163-175","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Reconstructing North Atlantic deglacial surface hydrography and its link to the Atlantic overturning circulation","type":"publication","volume":"79"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave"},"citation":"Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave. 2010. Intermediate and Deep Water Paleoceanography of the Northern North Atlantic Over the Past 21,000 years. Paleoceanography, 25, PA1211. doi: 10.1029/2009PA001833","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2009PA001833","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009PA001833"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"3","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":"PA1211","title":"Intermediate and Deep Water Paleoceanography of the Northern North Atlantic Over the Past 21,000 years","type":"publication","volume":"25"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Younger Dryas","Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction","Heinrich Events","Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22917","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["62.08","-17.82"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-17.82","maxElevationMeters":"-1938","minElevationMeters":"-1938","northernmostLatitude":"62.08","southernmostLatitude":"62.08","westernmostLongitude":"-17.82"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26622","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-12-1k-benth.txt","linkText":"RAPiD-12-1K Benthic","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ice-volume corrected","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"vital effect of -0.24 applied","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Melonis sp.>Melonis barleeanus","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ice-volume corrected","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Melonis sp.>Melonis barleeanus","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>foraminiferal index>total foraminifers"}]}],"dataTableName":"RAPiD-12-1K benthics Th11","dataTableNotes":"Please cite Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, 2009PA001833.\r\n Stable isotope values relative to VPDB standard, run in Godwin Laboratory, Univ. of Cambridge; vital effect of -0.24 applied to Melonis d18O data\r\n\r\n \"Ice-volume corrected\" for whole ocean changes using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve, assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1 ‰.","earliestYear":11693,"earliestYearBP":11693,"earliestYearCE":-9743,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"26624","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-12-1k-plank.txt","linkText":"RAPiD-12-1K Planktic","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globorotalia sp.>Globorotalia inflata","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Magnesium Calcium ratio G. bulloides","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"seawater using G. bulloides ice-volume corrected","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"seawater using G. bulloides ice-volume corrected","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical 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For % sand and G. inflata d13C data, please cite Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, 2009PA001833.\r\n Stable isotope values relative to VPDB standard, run in Godwin Laboratory, Univ. of Cambridge.\r\n\r\n Temperature calculated using Mg/Ca = B exp (0.1 × T);  B = 0.794 and 0.760 for G. bulloides and G. inflata, respectively.\r\n\r\n Salinity calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997) to obtain d18Osw, including a 0.6‰ offset for G. bulloides, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰;\r\n Converted to salinity using Schmidt and Legrande (2006) N. Atlantic d18Osw-S relationship;\r\n Also corrected for whole ocean d18O and salinity changes (1 per mil glacial-interglacial) scaled to Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve.\r\n\r\n Core-top age assignment: The core-top was not lost; assume 0cm=2004AD, but account for top 2 cm well mixed by bioturbation.","earliestYear":11869,"earliestYearBP":11869,"earliestYearCE":-9919,"mostRecentYear":-21,"mostRecentYearBP":-21,"mostRecentYearCE":1971,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"RAPiD-12-1K"},{"NOAASiteId":"37139","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["62.2994","-17.1344"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-17.1344","maxElevationMeters":"-2133","minElevationMeters":"-2133","northernmostLatitude":"62.2994","southernmostLatitude":"62.2994","westernmostLongitude":"-17.1344"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26620","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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(s) isotope data originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, 2009PA001833, \"Intermediate and Deep Water Paleoceanography of the Northern North Atlantic Over the Past 21,000 years\"\r\n Stable isotope values relative to VPDB standard, run in Godwin Laboratory, Univ. of Cambridge\r\n\r\n Temperature calculated using Mg/Ca = B exp (0.1 × T);  B = 0.52\r\n\r\n d18Osw calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997).  Note - no offset used for N. pachy. (s) contrary to manuscript, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰\r\n \"Ice-volume corrected\" for whole ocean changes using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve, assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1 ‰\r\n Salinity calculated based on North Atlantic relation of LeGrande and Schmidt (2006) and also for mixing with a freshwater endmember.","earliestYear":17150,"earliestYearBP":17150,"earliestYearCE":-15200,"mostRecentYear":-50,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"RAPiD-10-1P"},{"NOAASiteId":"55914","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["61.481667","-19.536"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-19.536","maxElevationMeters":"-2303","minElevationMeters":"-2303","northernmostLatitude":"61.481667","southernmostLatitude":"61.481667","westernmostLongitude":"-19.536"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26618","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-17-5p-benth.txt","linkText":"RAPiD-17-5P Benthic","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ka before 2000","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ice-volume corrected","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]}],"dataTableName":"RAPiD-17-5P Benthics Th11","dataTableNotes":"C. wuell. originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, 2009PA001833.\r\n Stable isotope values relative to VPDB standard, run in Godwin Laboratory, Univ. of Cambridge\r\n \"Ice-volume corrected\" for whole ocean changes using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve, assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1 ‰","earliestYear":21726,"earliestYearBP":21726,"earliestYearCE":-19776,"mostRecentYear":3943,"mostRecentYearBP":3943,"mostRecentYearCE":-1993,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"26619","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-17-5p-plank.txt","linkText":"RAPiD-17-5P Planktic","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"seawater using G. bulloides ice-volume corrected","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"seawater using G. bulloides ice-volume corrected","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"seawater using G. bulloides ice-volume corrected","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ka before 2000","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"150-250 microns","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>identified foraminifer>Neogloboquadrina pachyderma"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerina sp.>Globigerina bulloides","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":">250 microns; excluding volcanics","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment>dry sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per gram","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter>ice rafted debris"}]}],"dataTableName":"RAPiD-17-5P Planktics Th11","dataTableNotes":"C. wuell. And IRD data originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, 2009PA001833.\r\nStable isotope values relative to VPDB standard, run in Godwin Laboratory, Univ. of Cambridge\r\n\r\nTemperature calculated using Mg/Ca = B exp (0.1 × T);  B = 0.794  for G. bulloides.\r\n\r\nd18Osw calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997), including a 0.6‰ offset for G. bulloides, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰\r\n \"Ice-volume corrected\" for whole ocean changes using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve, assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1 ‰","earliestYear":21428,"earliestYearBP":21428,"earliestYearCE":-19478,"mostRecentYear":7518,"mostRecentYearBP":7518,"mostRecentYearCE":-5568,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"RAPiD-17-5P"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"North Atlantic Deglacial Isotope Data and Reconstructions of Salinity and SST","studyNotes":"Data collected by David J.R. Thornalley (Univ. of Cambridge); Principal Investigator: I. Nick McCave (Univ. of Cambridge); cruise CD-159, funded by UK RAPID program.\n Stable isotope values relative to VPDB standard, run in Godwin Laboratory, Univ. of Cambridge. Temperature calculated using Mg/Ca = B exp (0.1 × T). B = 0.794, 0.76 and 0.52 for G. bulloides, G. inflata and N. pachy. (s) respectively.\n RAPiD-10-1P: N. pachy. (s) and Cib. spp. isotope data originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833. \n RAPiD-12-1K: Please cite Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, Nature, 2009. For % sand and G. inflata d13C data, please cite Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833. Vital effect of -0.24 applied to Melonis d18O data. Salinity calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997) to obtain d18Osw, including a 0.6‰ offset for G. bulloides, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰;\n   Converted to salinity using Schmidt and Legrande (2006) N. Atlantic d18Osw-S relationship; Also corrected for whole ocean d18O and salinity changes (1 per mil glacial-interglacial) scaled to Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve. Core-top age assignment: The core-top was not lost; assume 0cm=2004AD, but account for top 2 cm well mixed by bioturbation.\n RAPiD-15-4P: All data except N. pachy.(s) originally presented in Thornalley, McCave & Elderfield, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001772. N. pachy. (s) isotope data originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833.\n     d18Osw calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997), including a -0.6‰ offset for G. bulloides.  Note - no offset used for N. pachy.(s) contrary to manuscript, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰\n    \"Ice-volume corrected\" for whole ocean changes using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve, assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1‰. Salinity calculated based on North Atlantic relation of LeGrande and Schmidt (2006) and also for N. pachyderma for mixing with a freshwater endmember\n RAPiD-17-5P: C. wuell. And IRD data originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833. d18Osw calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997), including a 0.6‰ offset for G. bulloides, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰\n    \"Ice-volume corrected\" for whole ocean changes using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve, assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1‰.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14218"}