{"NOAAStudyId":"16648","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-06-18","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-16648.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":50000,"earliestYearCE":-48050,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-16648","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"NE/I017240/1, NE/C00876X/2"},{"fundingAgency":"NOAA/UCAR Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Rae, J.W.B.; Sarnthein, M.; Foster, G.L.; Ridgwell, A.; Grootes, P.M.; Elliott, T.","mostRecentYearBP":-5,"mostRecentYearCE":1955,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16648","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Deep water formation in the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean is widely thought to influence deglacial CO2 rise and climate change; here we suggest that deep water formation in the North Pacific may also play an important role. We present paired radiocarbon and boron isotope data from foraminifera from sediment core MD02-2489 at 3640 m in the North East Pacific. These show a pronounced excursion during Heinrich Stadial 1, with benthic-planktic radiocarbon offsets dropping to ~350 years, accompanied by a decrease in benthic d11B. We suggest this is driven by the onset of deep convection in the North Pacific, which mixes young shallow waters to depth, old deep waters to the surface, and low-pH water from intermediate depths into the deep ocean. This deep water formation event was likely driven by an increase in surface salinity, due to subdued atmospheric/monsoonal freshwater flux during Heinrich Stadial 1. The ability of North Pacific Deep Water (NPDW) formation to ex plain the excursions seen in our data is demonstrated in a series of experiments with an intermediate complexity Earth system model. These experiments also show that breakdown of stratification in the North Pacific leads to a rapid ~30 ppm increase in atmospheric CO2, along with decreases in atmospheric d13C and d14C, consistent with observations of the early deglaciation. Our inference of deep water formation is based mainly on results from a single sediment core, and our boron isotope data are unavoidably sparse in the key HS1 interval, so this hypothesis merits further testing. However we note that there is independent support for breakdown of stratification in shallower waters during this period, including a minimum in d15N, younging in intermediate water 14C, and regional warming. We also re-evaluate deglacial changes in North Pacific productivity and carbonate preservation in light of our new data, and suggest that the regional pulse of export production observe d during the Bølling-Allerød is promoted by relatively stratified conditions, with increased light availability and a shallow, potent nutricline. Overall, our work highlights the potential of NPDW formation to play a significant and hitherto unrealized role in deglacial climate change and CO2 rise.","author":{"name":"Rae, J.W.B., M. Sarnthein, G.L. Foster, A. Ridgwell, P.M. Grootes, and T. Elliott"},"citation":"Rae, J.W.B., M. Sarnthein, G.L. Foster, A. Ridgwell, P.M. Grootes, and T. Elliott. 2014. Deep water formation in the North Pacific and deglacial CO2 rise. Paleoceanography. . doi: 10.1002/2013PA002570","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2013PA002570","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013PA002570"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Deep water formation in the North Pacific and deglacial CO2 rise","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55996","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["54.39","-148.92"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-148.92","maxElevationMeters":"-3640","minElevationMeters":"-3640","northernmostLatitude":"54.39","southernmostLatitude":"54.39","westernmostLongitude":"-148.92"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26818","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/rae2014/rae2014-t1.txt","linkText":"Table 1: Age Control Pts in MD02-2489","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/rae2014/rae2014-fulldata.xls","linkText":"All Data","urlDescription":"Originally Contributed Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"MD02-2489 d18Otied Age Model R14","dataTableNotes":"Table 1: age control points used in MD02-2489 d18O-tied age model. 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This is based on IntCal09 from 0-15 & 26-50 kyr BP, and Southon et al. 2012's Hulu Cave 14C record from 15-26 kyr BP. Source of the Delta14C value is in the notes field of the data table.","earliestYear":50000,"earliestYearBP":50000,"earliestYearCE":-48050,"mostRecentYear":-5,"mostRecentYearBP":-5,"mostRecentYearCE":1955,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"26823","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/rae2014/rae2014-t5.txt","linkText":"Table 5: Benthic d11B Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling 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