{"NOAAStudyId":"17575","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-12-14","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-17575.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":31600,"earliestYearCE":-29650,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-17575","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Department of Science and Technology, India","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Indo-US Science and Technology Forum","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Saraswat, R.; Lea, D.W.; Nigam, R.; Mackensen, A.; Naik, D.K.","mostRecentYearBP":120,"mostRecentYearCE":1830,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17575","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"High resolution climate records of the ice age terminations from monsoon-dominated regions reveal the interplay of regional and global driving forces. Speleothem records from Chinese caves indicate that glacial terminations were interrupted by prominent weak monsoon intervals (WMI), lasting a few thousand years. Deglacial WMIs are interpreted as the result of cold temperature anomalies generated by sea ice feedbacks in the North Atlantic, most prominently during Heinrich Events. Recent modelling results suggest, however, that WMIs reflect changes in the intensity of the Indian rather than the East Asian monsoon. Here we use foraminiferal trace element (Mg/Ca and Ba/Ca) and stable isotope records from a sediment core off the Malabar coast in the southeastern Arabian Sea with centennial-scale resolution to test this hypothesis and to constrain the nature and timing of deglacial climate change in the tropical Indian Ocean. The Malabar deglacial SST record is unique in character and different from other tropical climate records. SST at the Last Glacial Maximum was 2.7±0.5 °C colder than pre-industrial SST. Deglacial warming started at 18.6 (95% CI range 18.8-18.1) kyr BP, within error of the onset of warming at other tropical sites as well as in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean and either coeval with or up to 1 kyr before the atmospheric CO2 rise. Warming took place in two steps separated by an interval of stable SST between 15.7 (16.2-14.9) and 13.2 (13.9-12.0) kyr BP. The d18O-water record and the Ba/Ca record, which is a measure of Indian sub-continent riverine runoff, indicate that the last ice age termination was marked by a prominent weak Indian Monsoon interval interrupted by an intense monsoon phase, as seen in speleothem records and predicted by modelling. A strong correspondence between the timing of the Malabar d18Osw record and the Hulu Cave monsoon record suggests that deglacial d18O changes in both localities dominantly reflect compositional changes in precipitation, likely driven by changes in the North Atlantic.","author":{"name":"Saraswat, R., D.W. Lea, R. Nigam, A. Mackensen, and D.K. Naik"},"citation":"Saraswat, R., D.W. Lea, R. Nigam, A. Mackensen, and D.K. Naik. 2013. Deglaciation in the tropical Indian Ocean driven by interplay between the regional monsoon and global teleconnections. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 375, 166-175. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.022","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.022","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.05.022"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":"166-175","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Deglaciation in the tropical Indian Ocean driven by interplay between the regional monsoon and global teleconnections","type":"publication","volume":"375"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction","Younger Dryas"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56359","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["10.9775","74.999333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"74.999333","maxElevationMeters":"-1245","minElevationMeters":"-1245","northernmostLatitude":"10.9775","southernmostLatitude":"10.9775","westernmostLongitude":"74.999333"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Arabian Sea","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27874","coreLengthMeters":287,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/saraswat2013/saraswat2013-sk237gc04.txt","linkText":"SK237-GC04 Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Mg/Ca G. ruber using Dekens 2002","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Calculated from delta 18Oforam - SST contribution using G. ruber white","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Calculated from delta 18Oforam - SST contribution using G. ruber white","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Calculated from delta 18Oforam - SST contribution using G. ruber white","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber white","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber white","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>barium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber white","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"SK237-GC04 Saraswat13","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":31600,"earliestYearBP":31600,"earliestYearCE":-29650,"mostRecentYear":120,"mostRecentYearBP":120,"mostRecentYearCE":1830,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"SK237-GC04"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Northern Indian Ocean SST Reconstruction and Oxygen Isotope, Ba/Ca and Geochemistry Data for last 31,000 Years","studyNotes":"Centennial scale seawater temperature and runoff record covering the last deglacialtion in the northern Indian Ocean\r\n         Provided Keywords: Holocene, Younger Dryas, glacial","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15257"}