{"NOAAStudyId":"19420","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-12-07","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-19420.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":39485,"earliestYearCE":-37535,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-19420","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE-1203892"}],"investigators":"Tierney, J.E.; Pausata, F.; deMenocal, P.B.","mostRecentYearBP":-18,"mostRecentYearCE":1968,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19420","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Indian monsoon, the largest monsoon system on Earth, responds to remote climatic forcings, including temperature changes in the North Atlantic. The monsoon was weak during two cool periods that punctuated the last deglaciation - Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas. It has been suggested that sea surface cooling in the Indian Ocean was the critical link between these North Atlantic stadials and monsoon failure; however, based on existing proxy records it is unclear whether surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea dropped during these intervals. Here we compile new and existing temperature proxy data from the Arabian Sea, and find that surface temperatures cooled whereas subsurface temperatures warmed during both Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas. Our analysis of model simulations shows that surface cooling weakens the monsoon winds and leads to destratification of the water column and substantial subsurface warming. We thus conclude that sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean are indeed the link between North Atlantic climate and the strength of the Indian monsoon.","author":{"name":"Jessica E. Tierney, Francesco S. R. Pausata, Peter deMenocal"},"citation":"Jessica E. Tierney, Francesco S. R. Pausata, Peter deMenocal. 2015. Deglacial Indian monsoon failure and North Atlantic stadials linked by Indian Ocean surface cooling. Nature Geoscience. . doi: 10.1038/ngeo2603","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ngeo2603","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2603"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Deglacial Indian monsoon failure and North Atlantic stadials linked by Indian Ocean surface cooling","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55758","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["11.955","44.3"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"44.3","maxElevationMeters":"-869","minElevationMeters":"-869","northernmostLatitude":"11.955","southernmostLatitude":"11.955","westernmostLongitude":"44.3"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean>Arabian Sea","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"29978","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tierney2015c/tierney2015c.txt","linkText":"Core P178-15P UK37, Mg/Ca, d18O, TEX86, and SST Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Indian Ocean SST calibration (Sonzogni et al. 1997 Quaternary Research)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"BAYSPAR subsurface calibration (Tierney and Tingley 2015 Scientific Data); based on TEX86","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"New multivariate calibration developed for this study; see Supplementary Information; used G. ruber white","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"liquid chromotography","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>tetraether index of 86 carbon atoms"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Tierney2015C","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":39485,"earliestYearBP":39485,"earliestYearCE":-37535,"mostRecentYear":-18,"mostRecentYearBP":-18,"mostRecentYearCE":1968,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"P178-15P"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Gulf of Aden 40,000 Year UK37, Mg/Ca, d18O, and TEX86 Data","studyNotes":"Gulf of Aden temperature proxy data, including UK'37, Mg/Ca of foraminifera (Globigerinoides ruber, white), d18O of G. ruber (white), and TEX86 measured on core P178-15P.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17129"}