{"NOAAStudyId":"19602","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-01-04","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-19602.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-19602","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ARC-1003732"}],"investigators":"Ortiz, J.D. ; Polyak, L.; Haley, B.A.","mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19602","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"One of the greatest challenges to progress in Arctic paleoclimate is the difficulty associated with developing reliable age constraints for Arctic marine sediment (Alexanderson et al., 2013; Jakobsson et al., 2013). Lack of carbonate material at many sites makes it difficult to employ nanofossil or foraminiferal taxonomies, and in many cases precludes the use of benthic δ18O as a target for orbital tuning (Ortiz, 2011). Likewise, the high inclination of the Arctic and redox changes across glacial-interglacial cycles can pose difficulties for paleomagnetic reconstruction (Darby et al., 2012).\r\nAs an alternative approach to age model development, we propose cyclo-stratigraphic orbital tuning of a sedimentary paleoclimate proxy derived from geochemical and physical properties data. Our tuning target is sedimentary %Mn, which varies in response to surficial processes, riverine input and marine redox cycling across glacial-interglacial cycles (Jakobsson, et al. 2000; Löwemark, et al. 2008; Löwemark, et al. 2013).\r\nVisible derivative spectroscopy using diffuse spectral reflectance (DSR) data (400-700nm at 10nm resolution with a 3 mm spot-size) was measured at 1 cm resolution on the wet, split surface of the sediment cores using a CM2600d spectrophotometer (Ortiz, 2011). The cores were wrapped in Glad-wrap to protect the integration sphere of the CM-2600d spectrophotometer (Ortiz, 2011). The resulting data was derivative transformed to remove scattering, grain-size, and wetness effects, and then the resulting correlation matrix of the data was transformed using varimax-rotated, principal component analysis. Principle component regression of %Mn measured by XRF using an Innov-X Alpha-series analyzer against the difference between first and second of the DSR component scores was then used to generate a %Mn record at the full measurement resolution of the DSR data.\r\nThe tuning target selected is the La2010 solution a eccentricity reconstruction (Laskar et al. 2011). We select eccentricity as a suitable initial tuning target because the eccentricity signal, should be enhanced at these high latitudes, the generally low sedimentation rates in the Arctic provide a suitably long record for comparison against the tuning target, and eccentricity has been linked to variations in ice volume (Lisiecki, 2010). The tuning process consists of calculating the wavelet spectrum for each record as a function of depth to yield lithofacies cycle lengths. The %Mn record for each core is then filtered using an infinite impulse response (IIR) band-pass filter centered on each downcore lithofacies cycle. The extracted filters are then mapped against the eccentricity template to generate a depth to age transfer function, assuming no phase lag between the eccentricity target and the sedimentary %Mn response.\r\nThe quality of the tuning process is determined by evaluating the linearity of the depth-age transfer functions and by plotting the unfiltered %Mn curves on age to evaluate their fit. We have thus far applied this method to six cores raised from different ridges and basins of the Arctic. The resulting depth-age curves were remarkably linear (Figure 1), indicating little need to distort the sedimentary record to achieve a very strong fit between eccentricity and the filtered %Mn cycles. The stratigraphic cycle that best matched the eccentricity-tuning target varied in length from 40 cm to 274 cm due to variable sedimentation rates between sites (Figure 2a). The amplitude modulation of the filtered %Mn record matched that of the eccentricity template reasonably well, and the fit improved, when the next longer sedimentary cycle – presumably related to the 400 ka eccentricity cycle - was combined with the shorter, 100k-related %Mn component (Figure 2b). Plotting the %Mn records as a function of age resulted in a considerable improvement in the visual litho-stratigraphic correlations between records from different locations (Figure 3). These preliminary results demonstrate the great promise of the method as a potential stratigraphic tool for use with Arctic marine sediment.\r\n","author":{"name":"Ortiz, J.D., M. O'Regan, and M. Jakobsson"},"citation":"Ortiz, J.D., M. O'Regan, and M. Jakobsson. 2014. Is Eccentricity The Pacemaker For Arctic Paleoclimate During The Quaternary?, 44th International Arctic Workshop, Bolder, CO, 15-16 March, 2014. (Online: http://instaar.colorado.edu/aw/abstract_details.php?abstract_id=40) ","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"International Arctic Workshop","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Is Eccentricity The Pacemaker For Arctic Paleoclimate During The Quaternary?","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56663","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["88.450483","-146.560417"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-146.560417","maxElevationMeters":"-2598","minElevationMeters":"-2598","northernmostLatitude":"88.450483","southernmostLatitude":"88.450483","westernmostLongitude":"-146.560417"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Arctic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30240","coreLengthMeters":12,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>physical properties","earth 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nanometer","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>reflectance"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Derivative of 570 nm reflectance measurement","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent per nanometer","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>reflectance"}]}],"dataTableName":"HLY0503-18JPC Stds Ortiz14","dataTableNotes":"Parameters:                                                                       \r\n Target Status: CRBIMM                                                                      \r\n Color Mode L*a*b*                                                                      \r\n Observer 10°                                                             \r\n Primary Illuminant D65\r\n\r\n CIELAB Measurement Error      % Reflectance Measurement error                                                         Derivative measurement error       \r\n L*  a*  b*  C*  h     R400 R410 R420 R430 R440 R450 R460 R470 R480 R490 R500 R510 R520 R530 R540 R550 R560 R570 R580 R590 R600 R610 R620 R630 R640 R650 R660 R670 R680 R690 R700   drdl400 drdl410 drdl420 drdl430 drdl440 drdl450 drdl460 drdl470 drdl480 drdl490 drdl500 drdl510 drdl520 drdl530 drdl540 drdl550 drdl560 drdl570 drdl580 drdl590 drdl600 drdl610 drdl620 drdl630 drdl640 drdl650 drdl660 drdl670 drdl680 drdl690 drdl700\r\n 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.02 18.86 stdev 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.15 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.15 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.10 0.16 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.07 stdev 0.007 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 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drdl440 drdl450 drdl460 drdl470 drdl480 drdl490 drdl500 drdl510 drdl520 drdl530 drdl540 drdl550 drdl560 drdl570 drdl580 drdl590 drdl600 drdl610 drdl620 drdl630 drdl640 drdl650 drdl660 drdl670 drdl680 drdl690 drdl700\r\n 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.01 19.32 stdev 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.17 0.16 0.13 0.17 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.11 0.17 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.09 0.12 0.10 stdev 0.007 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.008  \r\n","earliestYear":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"species":[],"timeUnit":null},{"NOAADataTableId":"30245","coreLengthMeters":11,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>lithology","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>physical 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R580 R590 R600 R610 R620 R630 R640 R650 R660 R670 R680 R690 R700   drdl400 drdl410 drdl420 drdl430 drdl440 drdl450 drdl460 drdl470 drdl480 drdl490 drdl500 drdl510 drdl520 drdl530 drdl540 drdl550 drdl560 drdl570 drdl580 drdl590 drdl600 drdl610 drdl620 drdl630 drdl640 drdl650 drdl660 drdl670 drdl680 drdl690 drdl700\r\n 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.02 3.86 stdev 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.11 stdev 0.007 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.004 0.002 0.006 0.002 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.009\r\n","earliestYear":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"species":[],"timeUnit":null},{"NOAADataTableId":"30247","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>physical 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measurement","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent per nanometer","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>reflectance"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Derivative of 480 nm reflectance measurement","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent per nanometer","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>reflectance"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Derivative of 440 nm reflectance measurement","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent per nanometer","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>reflectance"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>lithology"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/ortiz2014/USGS-P1-92-AR-P25-reflectance.xls","linkText":"P1-92-AR-P25 Reflectance and Standards Data","urlDescription":"Originally Contributed Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"P1-92-AR-P25 Ortiz14","dataTableNotes":"Cores collected by the USGS and archived at Menlo Park.\r\n Parameters: \r\n Target Status: CRBIMM\r\n Color Mode L*a*b*\r\n Observer 10°\r\n Primary Illuminant D65","earliestYear":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"species":[],"timeUnit":null}],"siteName":"Northwind Ridge P1-92-AR-P25"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Arctic Ocean Spectral Reflectance Data During the Quaternary","studyNotes":"These are diffuse spectral reflectance data from various cores measured as part of an NSF funded stratigraphic correlation project. Measurements in specular component excluded mode, with 100% UV burst (SCE/100). Values in the stds tables for each core are are replicate measurements of the white calibration standard time for the Konica Minolta CM-2600d. Each instrument was factor- calibrated against its white calibration tile.  Standards were measured before collection of measurements on each core section, then between sections and after the completion the last core section.The standard deviation of the white standard measurements provides an estimate of the measurement error of the instrument as a function of wavelength. \r\nProvided Keywords: diffuse spectral reflectance","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17331"}