{"NOAAStudyId":"19684","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-01-19","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-19684.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":25831,"earliestYearCE":-23881,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-19684","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE 1003387"}],"investigators":"Bova, S.C.; Herbert, T.D.; Rosenthal, Y.; Kalansky, J.; Altabet, M.A.; Chazen, C.; Mojarro, A.; Zech, J.","mostRecentYearBP":1273,"mostRecentYearCE":677,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19684","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"It is difficult to untangle the mixed influences of high- and low-latitude climate forcing in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP). Here we test the hypothesis that the Southern Ocean drove change in the EEP via subsurface intermediate waters during the last deglaciation. We use the d18O signature of benthic foraminifera to reconstruct water density changes during the last 25 kyr at three intermediate water depths (370 m, 600 m, and 1000 m) in the EEP. Carbonate d18O records a combined signature of temperature and salinity and is therefore more closely related to density than temperature or salinity alone. We find that benthic foraminiferal d18O values decreased first in the subsurface, simultaneously with rising temperatures over Antarctica, and propagated up to the surface within ~3 kyr. The early subsurface response initiated a rapid decrease in density stratification over the upper water column as indicated by reduced d18O gradients between surface and intermediate depths. Stratification of the upper water column remained low through the termination, with stratification minima reached during Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas (YD), synchronous with the two-part deglacial rise in atmospheric CO2. Centennial-scale shifts toward heavier d18O signatures at 370 and 600?m during the YD indicate short-lived shifts in the Subantarctic Mode Water/Antarctic Intermediate Water boundary to shallower intermediate depths. We suggest that decreased density gradients during the deglaciation accelerated vertical mixing across the EEP, and potentially the entire South Pacific subtropical gyre, which enhanced CO2 delivery from depth to the surface ocean and atmosphere.\r\n","author":{"name":"Samantha C. Bova, Timothy Herbert, Yair Rosenthal, Julie Kalansky, Mark Altabet, Caitlin Chazen, Angel Mojarro, Jana Zech"},"citation":"Samantha C. Bova, Timothy Herbert, Yair Rosenthal, Julie Kalansky, Mark Altabet, Caitlin Chazen, Angel Mojarro, Jana Zech. 2015. Links between eastern equatorial Pacific stratification and atmospheric CO2 rise during the last deglaciation. Paleoceanography, 30(11), 1407-1424. doi: 10.1002/2015PA002816","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2015PA002816","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002816"},"issue":"11","journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":"1407-1424","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Links between eastern equatorial Pacific stratification and atmospheric CO2 rise during the last deglaciation","type":"publication","volume":"30"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56707","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-3.986","-81.308667"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-81.308667","maxElevationMeters":"-1023","minElevationMeters":"-1023","northernmostLatitude":"-3.986","southernmostLatitude":"-3.986","westernmostLongitude":"-81.308667"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30310","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bova2015/bova2015-cdh26-uk37.txt","linkText":"KNR195-5 CDH26 Uk'37 Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calibrated using the Muller et al. 1998 equation","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"gas chromatography - flame ionization detection","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"gas chromatography - flame ionization detection","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>ketone>alkenone>C37 alkenone"}]}],"dataTableName":"KNR195-5 CDH26 Uk37 Bova15","dataTableNotes":"Spliced together with CDH 23 in the paper.","earliestYear":25831,"earliestYearBP":25831,"earliestYearCE":-23881,"mostRecentYear":1366,"mostRecentYearBP":1366,"mostRecentYearCE":584,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30311","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bova2015/bova2015-cdh26-iso.txt","linkText":"KNR195-5 CDH26 Stable Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"KNR195-5 CDH26 Isotopes Bova15","dataTableNotes":"Spliced together with CDH 23 in the paper.","earliestYear":25831,"earliestYearBP":25831,"earliestYearCE":-23881,"mostRecentYear":1366,"mostRecentYearBP":1366,"mostRecentYearCE":584,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"KNR195-5 CDH26"},{"NOAASiteId":"56708","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-3.749167","-81.134167"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-81.134167","maxElevationMeters":"-370","minElevationMeters":"-370","northernmostLatitude":"-3.749167","southernmostLatitude":"-3.749167","westernmostLongitude":"-81.134167"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30312","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bova2015/bova2015-cdh23-uk37.txt","linkText":"KNR195-5 CDH23 Uk'37 Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calibrated using the Muller et al. 1998 equation","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"gas chromatography - flame ionization detection","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"gas chromatography - flame ionization detection","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>ketone>alkenone>C37 alkenone"}]}],"dataTableName":"KNR195-5 CDH23 Uk37 Bova15","dataTableNotes":"Spliced together with CDH 26 in the paper.","earliestYear":14093,"earliestYearBP":14093,"earliestYearCE":-12143,"mostRecentYear":1273,"mostRecentYearBP":1273,"mostRecentYearCE":677,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30313","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bova2015/bova2015-cdh23-iso.txt","linkText":"KNR195-5 CDH23 Stable Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"KNR195-5 CDH23 Isotopes Bova15","dataTableNotes":"Spliced together with CDH 26 in the paper.","earliestYear":14093,"earliestYearBP":14093,"earliestYearCE":-12143,"mostRecentYear":1273,"mostRecentYearBP":1273,"mostRecentYearCE":677,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"KNR195-5 CDH23"},{"NOAASiteId":"56709","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-1.265667","-1.252167","-89.698","-89.6845"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-89.6845","maxElevationMeters":"-370","minElevationMeters":"-1023","northernmostLatitude":"-1.252167","southernmostLatitude":"-1.265667","westernmostLongitude":"-89.698"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30309","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bova2015/bova2015-ggc43-cdh41.txt","linkText":"KNR195-5 GGC43/CDH41 Stable Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"core name","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"KNR195-5 GGC43/CDH41 Bova15","dataTableNotes":"Data from KNR 195-5 GGC 43 (01°15.13'S, 89° 41.07'W, 617 m) and KNR 195-5 CDH 41 (01° 15.94'S, 89° 41.88'W, 595 m) has been spliced together.","earliestYear":25800,"earliestYearBP":25800,"earliestYearCE":-23850,"mostRecentYear":1340,"mostRecentYearBP":1340,"mostRecentYearCE":610,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"KNR195-5 GGC43/CDH41"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Eastern Equatorial Pacific Stable Isotope and Alkenone Data and SST Reconstruction over the last 25Kyr","studyNotes":"Measurement errors- Uk'37: 0.05, C37 Alkenone abundance: 0.1.\r\n        Keywords: Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17470"}