{"NOAAStudyId":"19747","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-02-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-19747.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1320000,"earliestYearCE":-1318050,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-19747","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"NE/K005804/1"}],"investigators":"Birner, B.; Hodell, D.A.; Tzedakis, P.C.; Skinner, L.C.","mostRecentYearBP":1235000,"mostRecentYearCE":-1233050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19747","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Although millennial-scale climate variability (<10 ka) has been well studied during the last glacial cycles, little is known about this important aspect of climate in the early Pleistocene, prior to the Middle Pleistocene Transition. Here we present an early Pleistocene climate record at centennial resolution for two representative glacials (marine isotope stages (MIS) 37-41 from approximately 1235 to 1320 ka) during the \"41 ka world\" at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1385 (the \"Shackleton Site\") on the southwest Iberian margin. Millennial-scale climate variability was suppressed during interglacial periods (MIS 37, MIS 39, and MIS 41) and activated during glacial inceptions when benthic d18O exceeded 3.2‰. Millennial variability during glacials MIS 38 and MIS 40 closely resembled Dansgaard-Oeschger events from the last glacial (MIS 3) in amplitude, shape, and pacing. The phasing of oxygen and carbon isotope variability is consistent with an active oceanic thermal bipolar see-saw between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres during most of the prominent stadials. Surface cooling was associated with systematic decreases in benthic carbon isotopes, indicating concomitant changes in the meridional overturning circulation. A comparison to other North Atlantic records of ice rafting during the early Pleistocene suggests that freshwater forcing, as proposed for the late Pleistocene, was involved in triggering or amplifying perturbations of the North Atlantic circulation that elicited a bipolar see-saw response. Our findings support similarities in the operation of the climate system occurring on millennial time scales before and after the Middle Pleistocene Transition despite the increases in global ice volume and duration of the glacial cycles.","author":{"name":"Birner, B., D.A. Hodell, P.C. Tzedakis, and L.C. Skinner"},"citation":"Birner, B., D.A. Hodell, P.C. Tzedakis, and L.C. Skinner. 2016. Similar millennial climate variability on the Iberian margin during two early Pleistocene glacials and MIS 3. Paleoceanography, 31. doi: 10.1002/2015PA002868","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2015PA002868","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002868"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Similar millennial climate variability on the Iberian margin during two early Pleistocene glacials and MIS 3","type":"publication","volume":"31"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56716","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["37.571417","-10.126033"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-10.126033","maxElevationMeters":"-2578","minElevationMeters":"-2578","northernmostLatitude":"37.571417","southernmostLatitude":"37.571417","westernmostLongitude":"-10.126033"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30374","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/birner2016/birner2016-isot.txt","linkText":"U1385 Stable Isotope Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on Mediterranean-tuned age model of Hodel et al. 2015","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"bottom water temperature using Mg/Ca U.peregrina","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"revised meter composite","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on tuning sediment lightness to orbital precession","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides mundula","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerina sp.>Globigerina bulloides","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on insolation-tuned age model of Hodel et al. 2015","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"IODP U1385-339-U1385D-15H-16H Isotopes Birner16","dataTableNotes":"140.26-148.88 corrected revised meter composite depth (crmcd)","earliestYear":1320000,"earliestYearBP":1320000,"earliestYearCE":-1318050,"mostRecentYear":1235000,"mostRecentYearBP":1235000,"mostRecentYearCE":-1233050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30375","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>trace metals in carbonates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/birner2016/birner2016-trace.txt","linkText":"U1385 Trace Metal and BWT Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil SMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected revised meter composite","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"age based on tuning sediment lightness L* to orbital precession","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"add 0.64 per mil to C. wuellerstorfi and C. mundulus values","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"IODP U1385-339-U1385D-15H-16H Trace Metals and DWT Birner16","dataTableNotes":"140.26-148.88 corrected revised meter composite depth (crmcd)","earliestYear":1320000,"earliestYearBP":1320000,"earliestYearCE":-1318050,"mostRecentYear":1235000,"mostRecentYearBP":1235000,"mostRecentYearCE":-1233050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"IODP U1385"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Iberian Margin IODP U1385 High Resolution Isotope and Trace Metal Data 1235 to 1320 ka","studyNotes":"The study uses sections 1 to 6 in Core 339-U1385D-15H (123.59–135.82 meter below sea floor (mbsf)) and sections 5 and 6 in Core 339-U1385E-16H (135.24–136.97 mbsf). The splice tie point between the cores occurs at 147.32 corrected revised meters composite depth (crmcd) where U1385D-15H-6, 80 cm is tied to U1385E-16H-5, 59 cm, yielding a ~8 m long section (140.26–148.88 crmcd) spanning MIS 37–41. Depth is a corrected revised meter composite depth across all cores. \n Instrument precision of repeated standard measurements was 0.06 per mil for d13C and 0.08 per mil for d18O. d18O U. peregrina record uses C. wuellerstorfi and C. mundulus values adjusted by +0.64 per mil. Precision of deep water temperature calculation is 0.87 degrees C. Precision of d18O water is 0.23 per mil SMOW. Error on Mg/Ca U. peregrina analysis: ~4-6%. \n        Provided Keywords: millennial variability, early Pleistocene, Iberian margin","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17519"}