{"NOAAStudyId":"20225","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-06-02","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-20225.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":3495500,"earliestYearCE":-3493550,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-20225","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"NE/I027703/1, IP-1339-1112, NE/I024372/1"},{"fundingAgency":"Leverhulme Trust","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"European Research Council","fundingGrant":"2010-NEWLOG ADG-267931"}],"investigators":"McClymont, E.L.; Elmore, A.C.; Kender, S.; Leng, M.J.; Greaves, M.; Elderfield, H.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20225","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Elmore, Aurora C., Erin L. McClymont, Henry Elderfield, Sev Kender, Michael R. Cook, Melanie J. Leng, Mervyn Greaves, and Sambuddha Misra"},"citation":"Elmore, Aurora C., Erin L. McClymont, Henry Elderfield, Sev Kender, Michael R. Cook, Melanie J. Leng, Mervyn Greaves, and Sambuddha Misra. 2015. Antarctic Intermediate Water properties since 400 ka recorded in infaunal (Uvigerina peregrina) and epifaunal (Planulina wuellerstorfi) benthic foraminifera. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 428, 193-203. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.013","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.013","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.07.013"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":"193-203","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Antarctic Intermediate Water properties since 400 ka recorded in infaunal (Uvigerina peregrina) and epifaunal (Planulina wuellerstorfi) benthic foraminifera","type":"publication","volume":"428"},{"abstract":"Over the last 5 million years, the global climate system has evolved toward a colder mean state, marked by large amplitude oscillations in continental ice volume. Equatorward expansion of polar waters and strengthening temperature gradients have been detected. However, the response of the mid- and high-latitudes of the southern hemisphere is not well documented, despite the potential importance for climate feedbacks including sea ice distribution and low-high latitude heat transport. Here, we reconstruct the Pliocene-Pleistocene history of both sea surface and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) temperatures on orbital timescales from DSDP Site 593 in the Tasman Sea, Southwest Pacific. We confirm overall Pliocene-Pleistocene cooling trends in both the surface ocean and AAIW, although the patterns are complex. The Pliocene is warmer than modern, but our data suggest an equatorward displacement of the subtropical front relative to present, and a poleward displacement of the subantarctic front of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Two main intervals of cooling, from c.3 Ma and c.1.5 Ma, are coeval with cooling and ice-sheet expansion noted elsewhere, and suggest that equatorward expansion of polar water masses also characterised the Southwest Pacific through the Pliocene-Pleistocene. However, the observed trends in SST and AAIW temperature are not identical despite an underlying link to the ACC, and intervals of unusual surface ocean warmth (c.2 Ma) and large amplitude variability in AAIW temperatures (from c.1 Ma) highlight complex interactions between equatorward displacements of fronts associated with the ACC and/or varying poleward heat transport from the subtropics.","author":{"name":"McClymont, E.L., A.C. Elmore, S. Kender, M.J. Leng, M. Greaves, and H. Elderfield"},"citation":"McClymont, E.L., A.C. Elmore, S. Kender, M.J. Leng, M. Greaves, and H. Elderfield. 2016. Pliocene-Pleistocene evolution of sea surface and intermediate water temperatures from the Southwest Pacific. Paleoceanography, 31. doi: 10.1002/2016PA002954","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2016PA002954","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016PA002954"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Pliocene-Pleistocene evolution of sea surface and intermediate water temperatures from the Southwest Pacific","type":"publication","volume":"31"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Kender, S., E.L. McClymont, A.C. Elmore, D. Emanuele, M.J. Leng, and H. Elderfield"},"citation":"Kender, S., E.L. McClymont, A.C. Elmore, D. Emanuele, M.J. Leng, and H. Elderfield. 2016. Mid-Pleistocene foraminiferal mass extinction coupled with phytoplankton evolution. Nature Communications, 7. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11970","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ncomms11970","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11970"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Communications","pages":null,"pubRank":"3","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Mid-Pleistocene foraminiferal mass extinction coupled with phytoplankton evolution","type":"publication","volume":"7"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19104","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-40.507833","167.6745"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"167.6745","maxElevationMeters":"-1068","minElevationMeters":"-1068","northernmostLatitude":"-40.507833","southernmostLatitude":"-40.507833","westernmostLongitude":"167.6745"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>South Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30948","coreLengthMeters":64,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>trace metals in carbonates","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mcclymont2016/mcclymont2016-dsdp593.txt","linkText":"DSDP 593 Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"UK'37 = 0.033T + 0.044; calculated using Mueller et al. (1998) UK'37 calibration","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"intermediate water temperature calculated using Elderfield et al. (2010) Mg/Ca calibration for Uvigerina peregrina","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"original UK'37 values used to quantify sea surface temperatures","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"gas chromatography","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"original UK'37 values used to quantify sea surface temperatures","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"original Mg/Ca values used to calculate intermediate water temperatures","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"unspecified unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment>dry sediment","cvMethod":"gas chromatography","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"microgram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>ketone>alkenone"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment>dry sediment","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"microgram per gram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>ketone>alkenone"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mbsf","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"}]}],"dataTableName":"DSDP593 McClymont16","dataTableNotes":"The age model derived from benthic d18O measurements tuned to the LR04 stack.","earliestYear":3495500,"earliestYearBP":3495500,"earliestYearCE":-3493550,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"DSDP 593"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Southwest Pacific Isotope, Chemistry and Alkenone Data: Surface and Intermediate Water Temperature Reconstructions over the last 3.5 Ma","studyNotes":"Alkenone sea-surface temperature (SST) and benthic foraminifera Mg/Ca ratios are presented from DSDP Site 593 across the late Pliocene and Pleistocene (0-3.5 Ma). The data record changes in the position of the subtropical front in the Tasman Sea, and Antarctic Intermediate Water temperatures. The results indicate long-term patterns of subtropical front displacement and changes to surface ocean conditions in the Subantarctic zone, linked to global transitions towards the larger and longer-duration glacial-interglacial cycles of the mid and late Pleistocene.\r\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18078"}