{"NOAAStudyId":"20434","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-08-15","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-20434.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2913,"earliestYearCE":-963,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-20434","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE-1519578, OCE-1356708, BCS-1118340"}],"investigators":"van Hengstum, P.J.; Donnelly, J.P.; Fall, P.L.; Toomey, M.R.; Albury, N.A.; Kakuk, B.","mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20434","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Most Atlantic hurricanes form in the Main Development Region between 9N to 20N along the northern edge of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Previous research has suggested that meridional shifts in the ITCZ position on geologic timescales can modulate hurricane activity, but continuous and long-term storm records are needed from multiple sites to assess this hypothesis. Here we present a 3000 year record of intense hurricane strikes in the northern Bahamas (Abaco Island) based on overwash deposits in a coastal sinkhole, which indicates that the ITCZ has likely helped modulate intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin on millennial to centennial-scales. The new reconstruction closely matches a previous reconstruction from Puerto Rico, and documents a period of elevated intense hurricane activity on the western North Atlantic margin from 2500 to 1000 years ago when paleo precipitation proxies suggest that the ITCZ occupied a more northern position. Considering that anthropogenic warming is predicted to be focused in the northern hemisphere in the coming century, these results provide a prehistoric analog that an attendant northern ITCZ shift in the future may again return the western North Atlantic margin to an active hurricane interval.","author":{"name":"Peter J. van Hengstum, Jeffrey P. Donnelly, Patricia L. Fall, Michael R. Toomey, Nancy A. Albury, Brian Kakuk"},"citation":"Peter J. van Hengstum, Jeffrey P. Donnelly, Patricia L. Fall, Michael R. Toomey, Nancy A. Albury, Brian Kakuk. 2016. The intertropical convergence zone modulates intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin. Scientific Reports, 6, 21728. doi: 10.1038/srep21728","edition":"21728","identifier":{"id":"10.1038/srep21728","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep21728"},"issue":null,"journal":"Scientific Reports","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The intertropical convergence zone modulates intense hurricane strikes on the western North Atlantic margin","type":"publication","volume":"6"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)","Hurricanes and Tropical Cyclones Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56844","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["26.79","-77.42"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-77.42","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"26.79","southernmostLatitude":"26.79","westernmostLongitude":"-77.42"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Caribbean Sea>Bahamas","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31097","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>population abundance","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>lithology"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/vanhengstum2016/vanhengstum2016.txt","linkText":"Blackwood Sinkhole Sand Content and Pollen Data ","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Median age of core depth based on age model","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Weighted mean age of core depth based on age model","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Median age of core depth based on age model","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Weighted mean age of core depth based on age model","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mass of the sand-sized or greater (>63um) calcium carbonate sediment particles per unit volume","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"milligram per cubic centimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size class>sand"}]}],"dataTableName":"BLWD-C2","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":2913,"earliestYearBP":2913,"earliestYearCE":-963,"mostRecentYear":-59,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Blackwood Sinkhole"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Blackwood Sinkhole, Bahamas 3,000 Year Sand Content and Pollen Data","studyNotes":"Overwash sand and pollen concentration data as a paleohurricane proxy for the past 3,000 years from Blackwood Sinkhole, Abaco Island, Bahamas","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18239"}