{"NOAAStudyId":"20448","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-08-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-20448.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":997,"earliestYearCE":953,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-20448","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"The Ultra Project - Grant No. 017008"}],"investigators":"Reynolds, D.J.; Scourse, J.D.; Halloran, P.R.; Nederbragt, A.; Wanamaker, A.D.; Butler, P.G.; Richardson, C.A.; Heinemeier, J.; Eiríksson, J.; Knudsen, K.L.; Hall, I.R.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20448","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Due to the lack of absolutely-dated oceanographic information prior to the modern instrumental period, there is currently significant debate as to the role played by North Atlantic Ocean dynamics in previous climate transitions (e.g., Medieval Climate Anomaly-Little Ice Age, MCA-LIA). Here we present analyses of a millennial-length, annually-resolved and absolutely-dated marine ?18O archive. Our record of oxygen isotope ratios in the shell of the long-lived marine bivalve Arctica islandica (?18O-shell), from the North Icelandic Shelf, linked to seawater density variability, demonstrate that solar and volcanic forcing coupled with ocean circulation dynamics are key drivers of climate variability over the last millennium. During the pre-industrial period (AD 1000-1800) variability in the sub-polar North Atlantic leads changes in Northern Hemisphere surface air temperatures at multi-decadal timescales indicating that North Atlantic Ocean dynamics played an active role in modulating the response of the atmosphere to solar and volcanic forcing.","author":{"name":"Reynolds, D.J., J.D. Scourse, P.R. Halloran, A. Nederbragt, A.D. Wanamaker, P.G. Butler, C.A. Richardson, J. Heinemeier, J. Eiríksson, K.L. Knudsen, and I.R. Hall"},"citation":"Reynolds, D.J., J.D. Scourse, P.R. Halloran, A. Nederbragt, A.D. Wanamaker, P.G. Butler, C.A. Richardson, J. Heinemeier, J. Eiríksson, K.L. Knudsen, and I.R. Hall. 2016. Annually Resolved North Atlantic Marine Climate Over The Last Millennium. Nature Communications. . doi: 10.1038/NCOMMS13502","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/NCOMMS13502","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NCOMMS13502"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Communications","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Annually Resolved North Atlantic Marine Climate Over The Last Millennium","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56850","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["66.5265","-18.195667"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-18.195667","maxElevationMeters":"-80","minElevationMeters":"-80","northernmostLatitude":"66.5265","southernmostLatitude":"66.5265","westernmostLongitude":"-18.195667"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31148","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/reynolds2016/reynolds2016.txt","linkText":"N. Icelandic Shelf d18O Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Arctica islandica; Mar-Oct","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>bivalve","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Grimsey Reynolds16","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":953,"earliestYearBP":997,"earliestYearCE":953,"mostRecentYear":2000,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Grimsey, North Icelandic Shelf"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"North Icelandic Shelf Annually Resolved d18O Data Over the Last Millennium","studyNotes":"Precision of d18O measurements: 0.08 per mil. \nProvided Keywords: Arctica islandica, annually-resolved, absolutely-dated, North Atlantic, Iceland","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18926"}