{"NOAAStudyId":"21150","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-01-04","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-21150.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":6002000,"earliestYearCE":-6000050,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-21150","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","fundingGrant":"Ka3461/1-2"}],"investigators":"Karas, C.; Nürnberg, D.; Bahr, A.; Groeneveld, J.; Herrle, J.O.; Tiedemann, R.; deMenocal, P.B.","mostRecentYearBP":2786000,"mostRecentYearCE":-2784050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21150","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Tectonically induced changes in oceanic seaways had profound effects on global and regional climate during the Late Neogene. The constriction of the Central American Seaway reached a critical threshold during the early Pliocene ~4.8-4 million years (Ma) ago. Model simulations indicate the strengthening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) with a signature warming response in the Northern Hemisphere and cooling in the Southern Hemisphere. Subsequently, between ~4-3 Ma, the constriction of the Indonesian Seaway impacted regional climate and might have accelerated the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation. We here present Pliocene Atlantic interhemispheric sea surface temperature and salinity gradients (deduced from foraminiferal Mg/Ca and stable oxygen isotopes, d18O) in combination with a recently published benthic stable carbon isotope (d13C) record from the southernmost extent of North Atlantic Deep Water to reconstruct gateway-related changes in the AMOC mode. After an early reduction of the AMOC at ~5.3 Ma, we show in agreement with model simulations of the impacts of Central American Seaway closure a strengthened AMOC with a global climate signature. During ~3.8-3 Ma, we suggest a weakening of the AMOC in line with the global cooling trend, with possible contributions from the constriction of the Indonesian Seaway.","author":{"name":"Cyrus Karas, Dirk Nürnberg, André Bahr, Jeroen Groeneveld, Jens O. Herrle, Ralf Tiedemann and Peter B. deMenocal"},"citation":"Cyrus Karas, Dirk Nürnberg, André Bahr, Jeroen Groeneveld, Jens O. Herrle, Ralf Tiedemann and Peter B. deMenocal. 2017. Pliocene oceanic seaways and global climate. Scientific Reports, 7, 3982. doi: 10.1038/srep39842","edition":"3982","identifier":{"id":"10.1038/srep39842","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep39842"},"issue":null,"journal":"Scientific Reports","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Pliocene oceanic seaways and global climate","type":"publication","volume":"7"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57021","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-30.2833","-35.2833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-35.2833","maxElevationMeters":"-2301","minElevationMeters":"-2301","northernmostLatitude":"-30.2833","southernmostLatitude":"-30.2833","westernmostLongitude":"-35.2833"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>South Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31865","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/karas2017/karas2017dsdp516a.txt","linkText":"DSDP 516A Planktonic and Benthic d18O and Mg/Ca Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"315-355um","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Trilobatus sp.>Trilobatus sacculifer>Trilobatus sacculifer without sac","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"315-355um","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Trilobatus sp.>Trilobatus sacculifer>Trilobatus sacculifer without sac","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Karas2017DSDP516A","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":5772000,"earliestYearBP":5772000,"earliestYearCE":-5770050,"mostRecentYear":2786000,"mostRecentYearBP":2786000,"mostRecentYearCE":-2784050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"DSDP516A"},{"NOAASiteId":"57022","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["56.042667","-23.231333"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-23.231333","maxElevationMeters":"-2301","minElevationMeters":"-2301","northernmostLatitude":"56.042667","southernmostLatitude":"56.042667","westernmostLongitude":"-23.231333"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31864","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/karas2017/karas2017dsdp552a.txt","linkText":"DSDP 552A Planktonic and Benthic d18O and Mg/Ca Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"215-315um","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerina sp.>Globigerina bulloides","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"215-315um","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerina sp.>Globigerina bulloides","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.>Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Karas2017DSDP552A","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":6002000,"earliestYearBP":6002000,"earliestYearCE":-6000050,"mostRecentYear":3018000,"mostRecentYearBP":3018000,"mostRecentYearCE":-3016050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"DSDP 552A"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Atlantic Ocean Pliocene Planktonic and Benthic d18O and Mg/Ca Data","studyNotes":"Combined planktonic foraminiferal Mg/Ca and d18O data, benthic d18O data and foraminiferal test weights from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) sites 516A and 552A (South and North Atlantic Oceans). ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"19108"}