{"NOAAStudyId":"21530","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-02-23","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-21530.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2407,"earliestYearCE":-457,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-21530","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US Geological Survey","fundingGrant":"Global Change Program"}],"investigators":"Cronin, T.M.; Hayo, K.; Thunell, R.C.; Dwyer, G.S.; Saenger, C.P.; Willard, D.A.","mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21530","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A new 2400-year paleoclimate reconstruction from Chesapeake Bay (CB) (eastern US) was compared to other paleoclimate records in the North Atlantic region to evaluate climate variability during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA). Using Mg/Ca ratios from ostracodes and oxygen isotopes from benthic foraminifera as proxies for temperature and precipitation-driven estuarine hydrography, results show that warmest temperatures in CB reached 16-17C between 600 and 950 CE (Common Era), centuries before the classic European Medieval Warm Period (950-1100 CE) and peak warming in the Nordic Seas (1000-1400 CE). A series of centennial warm/cool cycles began about 1000 CE with temperature minima of ~8 to 9C about 1150, 1350, and 1650-1800 CE, and intervening warm periods (14-15C) centered at 1200, 1400, 1500 and 1600 CE. Precipitation variability in the eastern US included multiple dry intervals from 600 to 1200 CE, which contrasts with wet medieval conditions in the Caribbean. The eastern US experienced a wet LIA between 1650 and 1800 CE when the Caribbean was relatively dry. Comparison of the CB record with other records shows that the MCA and LIA were characterized by regionally asynchronous warming and complex spatial patterns of precipitation, possibly related to ocean-atmosphere processes.","author":{"name":"T.M. Cronin, K. Hayo, R.C. Thunell, G.S. Dwyer, C. Saenger, D.A. Willard"},"citation":"T.M. Cronin, K. Hayo, R.C. Thunell, G.S. Dwyer, C. Saenger, D.A. Willard. 2010. The Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age in Chesapeake Bay and the North Atlantic Ocean. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 297(2), 299-310. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.009","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.009","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.009"},"issue":"2","journal":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","pages":"299-310","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age in Chesapeake Bay and the North Atlantic Ocean","type":"publication","volume":"297"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56386","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["38.026833","-76.219833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-76.219833","maxElevationMeters":"-21","minElevationMeters":"-21","northernmostLatitude":"38.026833","southernmostLatitude":"38.026833","westernmostLongitude":"-76.219833"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Maryland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"32424","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/cronin2010b/cronin2010b-ptmc-3.txt","linkText":"Core PTMC-3 Mg/Ca Temperature Estimates ","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Estimated Bay Temp; 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