{"NOAAStudyId":"21690","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-03-15","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-21690.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":17400,"earliestYearCE":-15450,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-21690","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"AGS-0602395, EAR-0711584"}],"investigators":"Davies-Walczak, M.H.; Mix, A.C.; Stoner, J.S.; Southon, J.R.; Cheseby, M.; Xuan, C.","mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21690","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Radiocarbon reconstructions of past ocean ventilation rates constrain oceanic sources and sinks of CO2 and mechanisms of subsurface hypoxia. Here, 14C in coexisting benthic and planktonic foraminifera from a sediment core 682 m deep off Southeast Alaska documents paleoventilation over the past ~17,000 years. A chronology based on calibrated planktonic foraminiferal dates, consistent with independent terrestrial dates for regional glacial retreat, yields deglacial projection ages moderately greater than those of the Holocene, suggesting comparatively limited ventilation. The observed Holocene increase of apparent ventilation at intermediate depths tracks inundation of the Bering Strait between ~11,800 and 13,200 years ago, suggesting that flooding of continental shelves and export of low salinity surface waters to the Arctic enhanced intermediate water formation in the North Pacific. An abrupt increase in the benthic–planktonic radiocarbon age gradient, implying homogenization of abyssal radiocarbon in deep and intermediate waters, aligns with the younger of two episodes of rapid rise of atmospheric CO2 and depletion of atmospheric D14C during deglaciation ~11,500–13,000 years ago, suggesting the North Pacific as a possible pathway for venting of oceanic CO2 to the atmosphere during the second half of the deglacial transition.","author":{"name":"Davies-Walczak, M.H., A.C. Mix, J.S. Stoner, J.R. Southon, M. Cheseby, and C. Xuan"},"citation":"Davies-Walczak, M.H., A.C. Mix, J.S. Stoner, J.R. Southon, M. Cheseby, and C. Xuan. 2014. Late Glacial to Holocene radiocarbon constraints on North Pacific Intermediate Water ventilation and deglacial atmospheric CO2 sources. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 397, 57-66. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.004","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.004","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.04.004"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":"57-66","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Late Glacial to Holocene radiocarbon constraints on North Pacific Intermediate Water ventilation and deglacial atmospheric CO2 sources","type":"publication","volume":"397"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53252","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["59.555","-144.1535"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-144.1535","maxElevationMeters":"-682","minElevationMeters":"-682","northernmostLatitude":"59.555","southernmostLatitude":"59.555","westernmostLongitude":"-144.1535"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific Ocean>Gulf Of Alaska","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"32644","coreLengthMeters":12,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/davies-walczak2014/davies-walczak2014.txt","linkText":"Gulf of Alaska 14C Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"age difference benthic-planktonic foraminifera","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"differenced","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"radiocarbon year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"age difference benthic-planktonic foraminifera","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"differenced","cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"radiocarbon year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calculated on Age Model 1","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calculated on Age Model 2","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calculated on Age Model 2","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>Delta 14C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"projection age calculated for benthic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 1","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"projection age calculated for benthic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 1","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Projection age calculated for benthic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 2","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Projection age calculated for benthic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 2","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Projection age calculated for planktonic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 2","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Projection age calculated for planktonic foraminiferal 14C relative to Intcal13 on Age Model 2","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"EW0408-85JC 14C Davies-Walczak14","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":17400,"earliestYearBP":17400,"earliestYearCE":-15450,"mostRecentYear":-54,"mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"EW0408-85JC"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Gulf of Alaska Radiocarbon data from benthic and planktonic foraminifera during the Late Glacial to the Holocene","studyNotes":"Radiocarbon data from benthic and planktonic foraminifera at continental slope site EW0408-85JC in the Gulf of Alaska.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"19648"}