{"NOAAStudyId":"22272","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-06-26","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-22272.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":17300,"earliestYearCE":-15350,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-22272","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","fundingGrant":"Postdoctoral Fellowship Grant WE-2686/2-1"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE 0602362"},{"fundingAgency":"University of California, Santa Barbara","fundingGrant":"560ISW"}],"investigators":"Weldeab, S.; Lea, D.W.; Oberhänsli, H.; Schneider, R.R.","mostRecentYearBP":100,"mostRecentYearCE":1850,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22272","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Time series of Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca, and δ18O analyzed in tests of surface-dwelling planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber from two marine sediment cores recovered in the Mozambique Channel offthe Zambezi River, southwestern tropical Indian Ocean, reveal climate variability over the last 17 kyr. Analysis of samples collected from the water column of the Mozambique Channel validates that Mg/Ca in G. ruber reflects calcification temperatures at 0-30 m water depth and that the surface water of the southwestern Indian Ocean is very sensitive to dissolved Ba input from adjacent rivers. Foraminiferal Ba/Ca and Mg/Ca time series are used to reconstruct hydrological and thermal changes over southeastern African and southwestern tropical oceans. The Mg/Ca-based sea surface temperature (SST) estimates indicate that the thermal evolution of the tropical southwestern Indian Ocean followed, within age model uncertainties, climate changes over Antarctica. The trend of the SST record is marked by a gradual warming from 24.7 ± 0.6 °C at 17.0 ± 0.2 kyr BP to 26.4 ± 0.3 °C at 10-11 kyr BP interrupted by two prominent coolings of ~1.5 ± 0.2 °C and ~1 °C centered at 15 ± 0.1 kyr BP and 13.4 ± 0.2 kyr BP, respectively. Declining SSTs in the early Holocene reach their minimum (25 °C) at 8.7 ± 0.2 kyr BP and give way to stable thermal conditions over the Middle and Late Holocene. The Ba/Ca record indicates that the Zambezi basin experienced relatively wetconditions during the early phase of the last deglaciation, Bølling-Allerød, and the early Holocene. These wet phases coincide with an increase of SST in the Mozambique Channel. In contrast, relatively dry conditions through-out the middle and late Holocene epoch are accompanied by relatively cold Mozambique Channel surface water. These shifts likely reflect a response to meridional shifts of the austral westerlies and subtropical front. These hypothesized shifts would have modulated the advection of cold Southern Ocean water into the Mozambique Channel. Changes in SST in the Mozambique Channel, and possible resultant changes in the zonal gradient in the tropical Indian Ocean, in turn, had a strong impact on the precipitation over southeastern Africa.","author":{"name":"Weldeab, S., D.W. Lea, H. Oberhänsli, and R.R. Schneider"},"citation":"Weldeab, S., D.W. Lea, H. Oberhänsli, and R.R. Schneider. 2014. Links between southwestern tropical Indian Ocean SST and precipitation over southeastern Africa over the last 17 kyr. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 410, 200-212. doi: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.001","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.001","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.06.001"},"issue":null,"journal":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","pages":"200-212","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Links between southwestern tropical Indian Ocean SST and precipitation over southeastern Africa over the last 17 kyr","type":"publication","volume":"410"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57264","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-18.5525","37.3688"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"37.3688","maxElevationMeters":"-542","minElevationMeters":"-542","northernmostLatitude":"-18.5525","southernmostLatitude":"-18.5525","westernmostLongitude":"37.3688"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33375","coreLengthMeters":6,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>trace metals in carbonates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/weldeab2014/weldeab2014-gb9307-3.txt","linkText":"GeoB9307-3 data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>barium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calculated using Mg/Ca (mmol/mol) = 0.38*exp[0.09*T(°C)] (Dekens et al. 2002; 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