{"NOAAStudyId":"22277","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-06-26","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-22277.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-22277","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE 1260690"}],"investigators":"Weldeab, S.; Arce, A.; Kasten, S.","mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22277","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Existing benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca-temperature calibrations are surrounded by substantial uncertainties mainly due to low temperature sensitivity of Mg/Ca in most benthic foraminifers and the effect of carbonate ion concentration on benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca. Here we present Mg/Ca analysis of Rose Bengal stained and exceptionally well-preserved tests of the infaunal benthic foraminifer Globobulimina spp. from 39 eastern equatorial Atlantic core top samples. Mg/Ca in Globobulimina spp. varies between 2.5 mmol/mol and 9.1 mmol/mol corresponding to bottom water temperatures (BWT) between 1.8? and 19.1? and ??CO?_(3  pore water)^(2-) between 33.7±4 and -34.3±4 µmol/kg in sediment depths between 1 and 10 cm. Mg/Ca and BWT are linearly correlated with a best fit of Mg/Ca[mmol/mol]=(0.36±0.02)*BWT[°C]+2.22±0.19 (r2=0.92, p: 11*10-20, and n=39). Using total alkalinity and pH data of pore water samples from 64 Atlantic multi-corer sites, we obtained ??CO?_(3  pore water)^(2-)data from the depth habitat range of Globobulimina spp. (= 1 cm = 10 cm below sediment surface). We show that ??CO?_(3  pore water)^(2-) is significantly lower than and linearly co-varies with the ??CO?_3^(2-) of the overlying bottom water: ??CO?_(3  pore water)^(2-)=(0.67±0.05)*??CO?_(3  bottom water)^(2-)-(39.84±1.98); r2=0.75, p: 6*10-20, n=64. We found a Mg/Ca sensitivity of 0.009±0.0044 mmol/mol per µmol/kg ??CO?_(3  pore water)^(2-)  and Mg/Ca temperature sensitivity of 0.32 ±0.06 mmol/mol/°C after a correction for the ??CO?_(3  pore water)^(2-) effect. This study provides a robust Mg/Ca-temperature calibration, highlights that  ??CO?_(3  pore water)^(2-) is spatially and most likely temporally variable, and contradicts the notion that infaunal foraminiferal Mg/Ca is relatively immune from ??CO?_(3  )^(2-) changes in the overlying bottom water. Furthermore, comparison of down core Mg/Ca data of Cibicides pachyderma and Globobulimina spp. demonstrates that the high temperature sensitivity of Mg/Ca in Globobulimina spp. presents a more robust paleothermometer to reconstruct past changes in the thermal state of the deep ocean.","author":{"name":"Weldeab, S., A. Arce, and S. Kasten"},"citation":"Weldeab, S., A. Arce, and S. Kasten. 2016. Mg/Ca-DCO2-3 pore-water -temperature calibration for Globobulimina spp.: A sensitive paleothermometer for deep-sea temperature reconstruction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 438, 95-102. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.01.009","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2016.01.009","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.01.009"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":"95-102","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Mg/Ca-DCO2-3 pore-water -temperature calibration for Globobulimina spp.: A sensitive paleothermometer for deep-sea temperature reconstruction","type":"publication","volume":"438"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57275","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-.335278","9.583333","-16.535","8.900833"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"8.900833","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"9.583333","southernmostLatitude":"-0.335278","westernmostLongitude":"-16.535"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33398","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>trace metals in carbonates","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/weldeab2016-epsl/weldeab2016-epsl-bwt.txt","linkText":"Mg/Ca and BWT Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"core name","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"species measured","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>collection water depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"bottom water; Calculated using Mg/Ca[mmol/mol]?=?(0.36?±?0.02)*BWT[°C]?+?2.22?±?0.19; r-squared=0.92","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Globobulimina spp.","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"Gulf of Guinea Weldeab16-EPSL","dataTableNotes":"This is a collection of multi-corer samples","earliestYear":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"species":[],"timeUnit":null}],"siteName":"Gulf of Guinea"},{"NOAASiteId":"57276","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-44.455","30.1933","-54.2583","14.005"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"14.005","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"30.1933","southernmostLatitude":"-44.455","westernmostLongitude":"-54.2583"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33397","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/weldeab2016-epsl/weldeab2016-epsl-dco23pore.txt","linkText":"DCO2-3 pore water Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"core name","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"0-10 cm sediment depth; the difference between in situ and saturation values (Delta CO2-3)","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sediment pore water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per kilogram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbonate ion"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>collection water depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"}]}],"dataTableName":"Central Atlantic DCO23pore Weldeab16-EPSL","dataTableNotes":"This is a collection of multi-corer samples","earliestYear":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"species":[],"timeUnit":null},{"NOAADataTableId":"33399","coreLengthMeters":0,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/weldeab2016-epsl/weldeab2016-epsl-dco23-bw.txt","linkText":"DCO2-3 bottom water Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"core name","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"0 cm sediment depth; the difference between in situ and saturation values (Delta CO2-3)","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per kilogram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbonate ion"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"1-10 cm sediment depth; the difference between in situ and saturation values (Delta CO2-3)","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sediment pore water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per kilogram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbonate ion"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"deviation from average Delta CO3-2 values","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per kilogram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbonate ion"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>collection water depth"}]}],"dataTableName":"Central Atlantic DCO23-bw Weldeab16-EPSL","dataTableNotes":"This is a collection of multi-corer samples","earliestYear":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"species":[],"timeUnit":null}],"siteName":"Central and Southern Atlantic Ocean"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Central and Southern Atlantic Ocean benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca, DCO2-3 and BWT Data from core top samples","studyNotes":"Benthic foramineral Mg/Ca-temperature calibration using Rose Bengel stained core top samples\n      Provided Keywords: pore water chemistry, bottom water calibration","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20319"}