{"NOAAStudyId":"22691","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-09-27","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-22691.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":67517300,"earliestYearCE":-67515350,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-22691","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"0318050, 0318123, 0402383, 0520718"},{"fundingAgency":"US NASA","fundingGrant":"NAG5-10665, NNG04GJ34G"},{"fundingAgency":"American Chemical Society","fundingGrant":"ACS-PRF 38878-AC2"}],"investigators":"Huang, Y.; Clemens, S.C.; Liu, W.; Wang, Y.; Prell, W.L.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22691","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Carbon isotope changes in paleosols from Siwalik, Pakistan, and marine sediments from the Bengal Fan indicate a major C4 plant expansion in the Himalayan foreland during the late Miocene. However, the timing and mechanisms behind the C4 plant expansion remain enigmatic. Here we present high-resolution (~60 k.y.) biomarker and compound-specific isotope data spanning the past 11 m.y. from Ocean Drilling Program Site 722 in the Arabian Sea. An ~5-6 permil increase in leaf wax d13C values indicates a marked rise of C4 plants from 10 to 5.5 Ma, with accelerated expansion from 7.9 to 5.5 Ma. A concurrent ~50 permil rise in leaf wax dD values is attributed to a combined effect of changes in precipitation amount and evaporation, indicating that source regions for the plant waxes became progressively drier from 10 to 5.5 Ma. In contrast to earlier reports, our isotope records, biomarker abundances, alkenone UK'37, and Globigerina bulloides abundance data do not suggest enhanced summer monsoon circulation during this time interval. Rather, our results suggest that large-scale hydrological changes drove the late Miocene expansion of C4 plants in the Himalayan foreland and Arabian Peninsula.","author":{"name":"Yongsong Huang, Steven C. Clemens, Weiguo Liu, Yi Wang, Warren L. Prell "},"citation":"Yongsong Huang, Steven C. Clemens, Weiguo Liu, Yi Wang, Warren L. Prell. 2007. Large-scale hydrological change drove the late Miocene C4 plant expansion in the Himalayan foreland and Arabian Peninsula. Geology, 35(6), 531-534. doi: 10.1130/G23666A.1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1130/G23666A.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/G23666A.1"},"issue":"6","journal":"Geology","pages":"531-534","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Large-scale hydrological change drove the late Miocene C4 plant expansion in the Himalayan foreland and Arabian Peninsula","type":"publication","volume":"35"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19310","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["16.62","59.8"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"59.8","maxElevationMeters":"-2028","minElevationMeters":"-2028","northernmostLatitude":"16.62","southernmostLatitude":"16.62","westernmostLongitude":"59.8"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33833","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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