{"NOAAStudyId":"23110","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-11-16","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-23110.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":-28,"earliestYearCE":1978,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-23110","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE 1260696"}],"investigators":"Gray, W.R.; Weldeab, S.; Lea, D.W.; Rosenthal, Y.; Gruber, N.; Donner, B.; Fischer, G.","mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23110","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Mg/Ca of planktic foraminifera Globeriginoides ruber (white) is a widely applied proxy for tropical and sub-tropical sea-surface temperature. The accuracy with which temperature can be reconstructed depends on how accurately relationships between Mg/Ca and temperature and the multiple secondary controls on Mg/Ca are known; however, these relationships remain poorly quantified under oceanic conditions. Here, we present new calibrations based on 440 sediment trap/plankton tow samples from the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans, including 130 new samples from the Bay of Bengal/Arabian Sea and the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Our results indicate temperature, salinity and the carbonate system all significantly influence Mg/Ca in G. ruber (white). We propose two calibration models: The first model assumes pH is the controlling carbonate system parameter. In this model, Mg/Ca has a temperature sensitivity of 6.0±0.8 %/°C (2s), a salinity sensitivity of 3.3±2.2 %/PSU and a pH sensitivity of -8.3±7.7 %/0.1 pH units; The second model assumes carbonate ion concentration ([CO32-]) is the controlling carbonate system parameter. In this model, Mg/Ca has a temperature sensitivity of 6.7±0.8 %/°C, a salinity sensitivity of 5.0±3.0 %/PSU and a [CO32-] sensitivity of -0.24±0.11 %/µmol kg-1. In both models, the temperature sensitivity is significantly lower than the widely-applied sensitivity of 9.0±0.6 %/°C. Application of our new calibrations to down-core data from the Last Glacial Maximum, considering whole ocean changes in salinity and carbonate chemistry, indicate a cooling of 2.4±1.6 °C in the tropical oceans if pH is the controlling parameter and 1.5±1.4 °C if [CO32-] is the controlling parameter.","author":{"name":"Gray, W.R., S. Weldeab, D.W. Lea, Y. Rosenthal, N. Gruber, B. Donner, and G. Fischer"},"citation":"Gray, W.R., S. Weldeab, D.W. Lea, Y. Rosenthal, N. Gruber, B. Donner, and G. Fischer. 2018. The effects of temperature, salinity, and the carbonate system on Mg/Ca in Globigerinoides ruber (white): a global sediment trap calibration. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 482, 607-620. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.026","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.026","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.026"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":"607-620","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2018,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The effects of temperature, salinity, and the carbonate system on Mg/Ca in Globigerinoides ruber (white): a global sediment trap calibration","type":"publication","volume":"482"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57542","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-16.2","32.1","-111.7","134.3"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"134.3","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"32.1","southernmostLatitude":"-16.2","westernmostLongitude":"-111.7"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Global Ocean","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"34413","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>trace metals in carbonates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/gray2018/gray2018-mgca.txt","linkText":"Global Mg/Ca G.ruber Calibration Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference for Mg/Ca data","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"descriptive location of sediment trap/plankton tow","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ID used in original publication","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"morphotype of G. ruber analysed; m = mixed; ss = sensustricto; sl = sensu lato","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Climatological temperature (0-50m depth) associated with each trap/tow sample; WOA13 extrapolation - see Gray et al. 2018 for details","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Climatological temperature (0-50m depth) associated with each trap/tow sample; WOA13 extrapolation - see Gray et al. 2018 for details","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Climatological salinity (0-50m depth) associated with each trap/tow sample; WOA13 extrapolation - see Gray et al. 2018 for details","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"practical salinity unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Climatological salinity (0-50m depth) associated with each trap/tow sample; WOA13 extrapolation - see Gray et al. 2018 for details","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"practical salinity unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"pH (0-50m depth) associated with each trap/tow sample; seawater scale; see Gray et al. 2018","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"pH (0-50m depth) associated with each trap/tow sample; seawater scale; see Gray et al. 2018","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"carbonate ion concentration (0-50m depth) associated with each trap/tow sample; see Gray et al. 2018","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per kilogram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbonate ion"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"carbonate ion concentration (0-50m depth) associated with each trap/tow sample; see Gray et al. 2018","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micromole per kilogram","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>inorganic compound>carbonate ion"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"start date represented by trap sample cup or plankton tow","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"day of year","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>collection date"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"end date represented by trap sample cup or plankton tow","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"day of year","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>collection date"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"all data are oxidatively cleaned and measured by solution ICP-MS/OES (see original publication - indicated by the 'trap_ref' variable -  for details); the data of Huang et al.","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber white","cvMethod":"inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"minimum test size","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber white","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"maximum test size","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerinoides sp.>Globigerinoides ruber>Globigerinoides ruber white","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter"}]}],"dataTableName":"Global Mg/Ca Gray2018","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1978,"earliestYearBP":-28,"earliestYearCE":1978,"mostRecentYear":2006,"mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Tropical and Subtropical Ocean"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Global sediment trap calibration of Mg/Ca in G. ruber white, with associated temperature, salinity and carbonate system data","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"21369"}