{"NOAAStudyId":"23112","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-11-21","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-23112.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":20910,"earliestYearCE":-18960,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-23112","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE-1102743"}],"investigators":"Schmidt, M.W.; Chang, P.; Parker, A.O.; Ji, L.; He, F.","mostRecentYearBP":550,"mostRecentYearCE":1400,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23112","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Multiple lines of evidence show that cold stadials in the North Atlantic were accompanied by both reductions in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and collapses of the West African Monsoon (WAM). Although records of terrestrial change identify abrupt WAM variability across the deglaciation, few studies show how ocean temperatures evolved across the deglaciation. To identify the mechanism linking AMOC to the WAM, we generated a new record of subsurface temperature variability over the last 21 kyr based on Mg/Ca ratios in a sub-thermocline dwelling planktonic foraminifera in an Eastern Equatorial Atlantic (EEA) sediment core from the Niger Delta.  Our subsurface temperature record shows abrupt subsurface warming during both the Younger Dryas (YD) and Heinrich Event 1. We also conducted a new transient coupled ocean-atmosphere model simulation across the YD that better resolves the western boundary current dynamics and find a strong negative correlation between AMOC strength and EEA subsurface temperatures caused by changes in ocean circulation and rainfall responses that are consistent with the observed WAM change. Our combined proxy and modeling results provide the first evidence that an oceanic teleconnection between AMOC strength and subsurface temperature in the EEA impacted the intensity of the WAM on millennial time scales.","author":{"name":"Schmidt, Matthew W., Ping Chang, Andrew O. Parker, Link Ji and Feng He"},"citation":"Schmidt, Matthew W., Ping Chang, Andrew O. Parker, Link Ji and Feng He. 2017. Deglacial Tropical Atlantic subsurface warming links ocean circulation variability to the West African Monsoon. Scientific Reports, 7(15390), 1-11. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-15637-6","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/s41598-017-15637-6","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-15637-6"},"issue":"15390","journal":"Scientific Reports","pages":"1-11","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Deglacial Tropical Atlantic subsurface warming links ocean circulation variability to the West African Monsoon","type":"publication","volume":"7"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56998","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["4.81","4.45"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"4.45","maxElevationMeters":"-1178","minElevationMeters":"-1178","northernmostLatitude":"4.81","southernmostLatitude":"4.81","westernmostLongitude":"4.45"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"34433","coreLengthMeters":3,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>trace metals in carbonates","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/schmidt2017/schmidt2017-fan17.txt","linkText":"Fan 17 Mg/Ca Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globorotalia sp.>Globorotalia crassaformis","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globorotalia sp.>Globorotalia crassaformis","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"number of analyses","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"}]}],"dataTableName":"Fan17 Mg/Ca Schmidt2017","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":20910,"earliestYearBP":20910,"earliestYearCE":-18960,"mostRecentYear":550,"mostRecentYearBP":550,"mostRecentYearCE":1400,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Fan 17, Niger Delta"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Niger Delta Mg/Ca Data over the Last 21 Kyr","studyNotes":"Provided Keywords: Deglaciation, abrupt climate change, West African Monsoon, Mg/Ca temperature, subsurface temperature, Niger delta, Younger Dryas, Heinrich Event 1, LGM, GCM modelling, Globorotalia crassaformis","version":"1.0","xmlId":"21321"}