{"NOAAStudyId":"23730","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-12-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-23730.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":15000,"earliestYearCE":-13050,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-23730","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"1405178, 1204254"}],"investigators":"White, S.M.; Ravelo, A.C.; Polissar, P.J.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23730","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates interannual climate variability, thus understanding its response to climate forcing is critical. ENSO's sensitivity to changing insolation is poorly understood, due to contrasting interpretations of Holocene proxy records. Some records show dampened ENSO during the early to mid-Holocene, consistent with insolation forcing of ENSO amplitude, but other records emphasize decadal-centennial fluctuations in ENSO strength, with no clear trend. To clarify Holocene ENSO behavior, we collected proxy data spanning the last ~12 kyr, and find relatively low El Niño amplitude during the early to mid-Holocene. Our data, together with published work, indicate both a long-term trend in ENSO strength due to June insolation forcing and high-amplitude decadal-centennial fluctuations; both behaviors are shown in models. The best-supported mechanism for insolation-driven dampening of ENSO is weakening of the upwelling feedback by insolation-forced warming/deepening of thermocline source waters. Elucidating the thermocline's role will help predict future ENSO change.","author":{"name":"White, Sarah M., Ravelo, A. Christina, and Polissar, Pratigya J."},"citation":"White, Sarah M., Ravelo, A. Christina, and Polissar, Pratigya J. 2018. Dampened El Niño in the early and mid-Holocene due to insolation-forced warming/deepening of the thermocline. Geophysical Research Letters, 44, 316-326. doi: 10.1002/2017GL075433","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2017GL075433","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017GL075433"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":"316-326","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2018,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Dampened El Niño in the early and mid-Holocene due to insolation-forced warming/deepening of the thermocline","type":"publication","volume":"44"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57621","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["0","-156"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-156","maxElevationMeters":"-3049","minElevationMeters":"-3049","northernmostLatitude":"0","southernmostLatitude":"0","westernmostLongitude":"-156"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"35553","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>trace metals in carbonates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/white2017/white2017.txt","linkText":"MGL1208-14MC, 12GC Mg/Ca and SST Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"14MC_12GC_individual_foramMg/Ca White2017","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":12170,"earliestYearBP":12170,"earliestYearCE":-10220,"mostRecentYear":3440,"mostRecentYearBP":3440,"mostRecentYearCE":-1490,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"MGL1208-14MC, 12GC"},{"NOAASiteId":"57844","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-1.22","2.25","-90.95","-89.68"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-89.68","maxElevationMeters":"-3049","minElevationMeters":"-3049","northernmostLatitude":"2.25","southernmostLatitude":"-1.22","westernmostLongitude":"-90.95"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"38753","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/white2017/white2018-EEP-SSTmgca-synthesis.txt","linkText":"Eastern Equatorial Pacific Alkenone SST Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"EEP Mg/Ca SST White2018","dataTableNotes":"Age models for individual records are based on radiocarbon or oxygen isotope stratigraphy. The synthesis here bins data into 500-year intervals from 0 to 15 ka.","earliestYear":15000,"earliestYearBP":15000,"earliestYearCE":-13050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38754","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/white2017/white2018-EEP-SSTmgca-RecordsUsed_Metadata.txt","linkText":"Records Used in Eastern Equatorial Pacific Alkenone SST Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File - Synthesis Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"CollectionMetadata EEP Mg/Ca SST White2018","dataTableNotes":"Age models for individual records are based on radiocarbon or oxygen isotope stratigraphy. The synthesis here bins data into 500-year intervals from 0 to 15 ka.","earliestYear":15000,"earliestYearBP":15000,"earliestYearCE":-13050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Eastern Equatorial Pacific at 90W"},{"NOAASiteId":"57845","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-3.62","2.25","-90.95","-82.78"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-82.78","maxElevationMeters":"-3049","minElevationMeters":"-3049","northernmostLatitude":"2.25","southernmostLatitude":"-3.62","westernmostLongitude":"-90.95"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"38755","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/white2017/white2018-EEP-SSTalke-synthesis.txt","linkText":"Eastern Equatorial Pacific Mg/Ca SST Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"EEP alkenoneSST compilation White2018","dataTableNotes":"Age models for individual records are based on radiocarbon or oxygen isotope stratigraphy. The synthesis here bins data into 500-year intervals from 0 to 15 ka.","earliestYear":15000,"earliestYearBP":15000,"earliestYearCE":-13050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38756","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/white2017/white2018-EEP-SSTalke-RecordsUsed_Metadata.txt","linkText":"Records Used in Eastern Equatorial Pacific Mg/Ca SST Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File - Synthesis Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"CollectionMetadata EEP alkenoneSST compilation White2018","dataTableNotes":"Age models for individual records are based on radiocarbon or oxygen isotope stratigraphy. The synthesis here bins data into 500-year intervals from 0 to 15 ka.","earliestYear":15000,"earliestYearBP":15000,"earliestYearCE":-13050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Eastern Equatorial Pacific 8x6 box at 87W"},{"NOAASiteId":"57846","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-13.08","14.82","115.2","172.35"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"172.35","maxElevationMeters":"-3049","minElevationMeters":"-3049","northernmostLatitude":"14.82","southernmostLatitude":"-13.08","westernmostLongitude":"115.2"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Western Pacific Ocean","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"38757","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/white2017/white2018-WEP-SST-synthesis.txt","linkText":"Western Equatorial Pacific SST Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"WEP SST compilation White2018","dataTableNotes":"Age models for individual records are based on radiocarbon or oxygen isotope stratigraphy. The synthesis here bins data into 500-year intervals from 0 to 15 ka.","earliestYear":15000,"earliestYearBP":15000,"earliestYearCE":-13050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"38758","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/white2017/white2018-WEP-SST-RecordsUsed_Metadata.txt","linkText":"Records Used in Western Equatorial Pacific SST Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File - Synthesis Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"CollectionMetadata WEP SST compilation White2018","dataTableNotes":"Age models for individual records are based on radiocarbon or oxygen isotope stratigraphy. The synthesis here bins data into 500-year intervals from 0 to 15 ka.","earliestYear":15000,"earliestYearBP":15000,"earliestYearCE":-13050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Western Equatorial Pacific"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Line Islands Mg/Ca and sea surface temperature reconstruction in the early and mid-Holocene","studyNotes":"Trace metal data are from individual foraminifera.\r\n       Provided Keywords: ENSO, paleoclimate, foraminifera, tropical Pacific, insolation\r\nUPDATE: Eastern and Western Equatorial Pacific collections of SST Data added to study on 14-MAR-2019.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"21894"}