{"NOAAStudyId":"25310","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-10-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-25310.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":5012000,"earliestYearCE":-5010050,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-25310","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE-1304366"}],"investigators":"Fedorov, A.V.; Burls, N.J.; Lawrence, K.T.; Peterson, L.C.","mostRecentYearBP":42000,"mostRecentYearCE":-40050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25310","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The climate of the tropics and surrounding regions is defined by pronounced zonal (east-west) and meridional (equator to mid-latitudes) gradients in sea surface temperature. These gradients control zonal and meridional atmospheric circulations, and thus the Earth's climate. Global cooling over the past five million years, since the early Pliocene epoch, was accompanied by the gradual strengthening of these temperature gradients. Here we use records from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, including a new alkenone palaeotemperature record from the South Pacific, to reconstruct changes in zonal and meridional sea surface temperature gradients since the Pliocene, and assess their connection using a comprehensive climate model. We find that the reconstructed zonal and meridional temperature gradients vary coherently over this time frame, showing a one-to-one relationship between their changes. In our model simulations, we systematically reduce the meridional sea surface temperature gradient by modifying the latitudinal distribution of cloud albedo or atmospheric CO2concentration. The simulated zonal temperature gradient in the equatorial Pacific adjusts proportionally. These experiments and idealized modelling indicate that the meridional temperature gradient controls upper-ocean stratification in the tropics, which in turn controls the zonal gradient along the equator, as well as heat export from the tropical oceans. We conclude that this tight linkage between the two sea surface temperature gradients posits a fundamental constraint on both past and future climates.","author":{"name":"Fedorov, A.V., N.J. Burls, K.T. Lawrence, and L.C. Peterson"},"citation":"Fedorov, A.V., N.J. Burls, K.T. Lawrence, and L.C. Peterson. 2015. Tightly linked zonal and meridional sea surface temperature gradients over the past five million years. Nature Geoscience, 8, 975-980. doi: 10.1038/ngeo2577","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ngeo2577","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2577"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":"975-980","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Tightly linked zonal and meridional sea surface temperature gradients over the past five million years","type":"publication","volume":"8"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57739","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-42.55","-178.166"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-178.166","maxElevationMeters":"-1370","minElevationMeters":"-1370","northernmostLatitude":"-42.55","southernmostLatitude":"-42.55","westernmostLongitude":"-178.166"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>South Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"37153","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>geochemistry"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/fedorov2015/fedorov2015-odp1125.txt","linkText":"ODP 1125 Uk'37 Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Character","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>sample identification"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"composite depth","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"million years ago","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":"gas chromatography - flame ionization detection","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"}]}],"dataTableName":"ODP1125 uk37 Fedorov2015","dataTableNotes":"Ages based on biostratigraphy, from Table T9 in ODP Shipboard Scientific Party, 2000. Site 1125: Productivity under the Subtropical Convergence on North Chatham Slope. In Carter, R.M., McCave, I.N., Richter, C., Carter, L., et al., Proc. ODP, Init. Repts., 181 [Online]. Available from World Wide Web: . [Cited 2018-09-27]","earliestYear":5012000,"earliestYearBP":5012000,"earliestYearCE":-5010050,"mostRecentYear":42000,"mostRecentYearBP":42000,"mostRecentYearCE":-40050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"ODP 1125"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Southwest Pacific Ocean alkenone unstaturation ratio from the Pliocene to the present","studyNotes":"Provided Keywords: paleoclimate, meridional temperature gradient, sea surface temperature, Pliocene, Pleistocene.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"23474"}