{"NOAAStudyId":"25630","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-11-23","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-25630.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":40000,"earliestYearCE":-38050,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-25630","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"PP00P2-144811, PP00P2-172915"}],"investigators":"Anderson, R.F.; Sachs, J.P.; Fleisher, M.Q.; Allen, K.A.; Yu, J.; Koutavas, A.; Jaccard, S.L.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25630","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Hayes, C.T., R.F. Anderson, and M.Q. Fleisher"},"citation":"Hayes, C.T., R.F. Anderson, and M.Q. Fleisher. 2011. \r\nOpal accumulation rates in the equatorial Pacific \r\nand mechanisms of deglaciation. \r\nPaleoceanography, 26, PA1207, doi:10.1029/2010PA002008","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2010PA002008 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002008 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"5","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Opal accumulation rates in the equatorial Pacific  and mechanisms of deglaciation","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Lyle, M., A.C. Mix, and N.G. Pisias"},"citation":"Lyle, M., A.C. Mix, and N.G. Pisias. 2002. Patterns of CaCO3 deposition in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean for the last 150 kyr: Evidence for a southeast Pacific depositional spike during marine isotope stage (MIS) 2. Paleoceanography 17(2).","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2000PA000538","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000PA000538"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"8","pubYear":2002,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Patterns of CaCO3 deposition in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean for the last 150 kyr: Evidence for a southeast Pacific depositional spike during marine isotope stage (MIS) 2","type":"publication","volume":"17"},{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Koutavas, A. and J. Lynch-Stieglitz. 2003. Glacial-interglacial dynamics of the eastern equatorial Pacific cold tongue-Intertropical Convergence Zone system reconstructed from oxygen isotope records. Paleoceanography 18(4), 1089.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"7","pubYear":2003,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Glacial-interglacial dynamics of the eastern equatorial Pacific cold tongue-Intertropical Convergence Zone system reconstructed from oxygen isotope records","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Bradtmiller, L.I., R.F. Anderson, M.Q. Fleisher, and L.H. Burckle"},"citation":"Bradtmiller, L.I., R.F. Anderson, M.Q. Fleisher, and L.H. Burckle. 2007. Opal burial in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean over the last 30 ka: Implications for glacial-interglacial changes in the ocean silicon cycle. Paleoceanography, 22, PA4216.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2006PA001282","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2006PA001282"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"4","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Opal burial in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean over the last 30 ka: Implications for glacial-interglacial changes in the ocean silicon cycle","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Murray, R.W., C. Knowlton, M. Leinen, A.C. Mix, and C.H. Polsky"},"citation":"Murray, R.W., C. Knowlton, M. Leinen, A.C. Mix, and C.H. Polsky. 2000. Export production and carbonate dissolution in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean over the past 1 Ma. Paleoceanography 15:570-592.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/1999PA000457","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999PA000457"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"10","pubYear":2000,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Export production and carbonate dissolution in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean over the past 1 Ma","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Koutavas, A., and J.P. Sachs"},"citation":"Koutavas, A., and J.P. Sachs. 2008. Northern timing of deglaciation in the eastern equatorial Pacific from alkenone paleothermometry. Paleoceanography, 23, PA4205. doi: 10.1029/2008PA001593","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2008PA001593","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001593"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"6","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":"PA4205","title":"Northern timing of deglaciation in the eastern equatorial Pacific from alkenone paleothermometry","type":"publication","volume":"23"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Winckler, G., R.F. Anderson, S.L. Jaccard, and F. Marcantonio"},"citation":"Winckler, G., R.F. Anderson, S.L. Jaccard, and F. Marcantonio. 2016. Ocean dynamics, not dust, have controlled equatorial Pacific productivity over the past 500,000 years. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(22), 6119-6124. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1600616113","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1073/pnas.1600616113","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600616113"},"issue":"22","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","pages":"6119-6124","pubRank":"12","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Ocean dynamics, not dust, have controlled equatorial Pacific productivity over the past 500,000 years","type":"publication","volume":"113"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Anderson, R.F., M.Q. Fleisher, and Y. Lao"},"citation":"Anderson, R.F., M.Q. Fleisher, and Y. Lao. 2006. Glacial-Interglacial variability in the delivery of dust to the central equatorial Pacific Ocean. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 242, 406-414. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.061","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.061","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.11.061"},"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":"406-414","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Glacial-Interglacial variability in the delivery of dust to the central equatorial Pacific Ocean","type":"publication","volume":"242"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Anderson, R.F., M.Q. Fleisher, Y. Lao, and G. Winckler"},"citation":"Anderson, R.F., M.Q. Fleisher, Y. Lao, and G. Winckler. 2008. Modern CaCO3 preservation in equatorial Pacific sediments in the context of recent glacial cycles. Marine Chemistry, 111, 30-46. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2007.11.011","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.marchem.2007.11.011","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2007.11.011"},"issue":null,"journal":"Marine Chemistry","pages":"30-46","pubRank":"3","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Modern CaCO3 preservation in equatorial Pacific sediments in the context of recent glacial cycles","type":"publication","volume":"111"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Martinson, D.G., N.G. Pisias, J.D. Hays, J. Imbrie, T.C. Moore, and N.J. Shackleton"},"citation":"Martinson, D.G., N.G. Pisias, J.D. Hays, J. Imbrie, T.C. Moore, and N.J. Shackleton. 1987. Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages - Development of a high-resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy. Quaternary Research, 27, 1-29. doi: 10.1016/0033-5894(87)90046-9","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/0033-5894(87)90046-9","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90046-9"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":"1-29","pubRank":"9","pubYear":1987,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Age dating and the orbital theory of the ice ages - Development of a high-resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy","type":"publication","volume":"27"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Shackleton, N.J., M.A. Hall, J. Line, and C. Shuxi"},"citation":"Shackleton, N.J., M.A. Hall, J. Line, and C. Shuxi. 1983. Carbon isotope data In core V19-30 confirm reduced carbon-dioxide concentration In the ice-age atmosphere. Nature, 306, 319-322. doi: 10.1038/306319a0","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/306319a0","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/306319a0"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":"319-322","pubRank":"11","pubYear":1983,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Carbon isotope data In core V19-30 confirm reduced carbon-dioxide concentration In the ice-age atmosphere","type":"publication","volume":"306"},{"abstract":"Enhanced ocean carbon storage during the Pleistocene ice ages lowered atmospheric CO2 concentrations by 80 to 100 ppm relative to interglacial levels.  Leading hypotheses to explain this phenomenon invoke a greater efficiency of the ocean’s biological pump, in which case carbon storage in the deep sea would have been accompanied by a corresponding reduction in dissolved oxygen.  We exploit the sensitivity of organic matter preservation in marine sediments to bottom water oxygen concentration to constrain the level of dissolved oxygen in the deep central equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last glacial period (18,000 – 28,000 years BP) to have been within the range of 20 - 50 µmol/kg, much less than modern value of ca. 168 µmol/kg.  We further demonstrate that reduced oxygen levels characterized the water column below a depth of ~1000 m.  Converting the ice-age oxygen level to an equivalent concentration of respiratory CO2, and extrapolating globally, we estimate that deep-sea CO2 storage during the last ice age exceeded modern values by as much as 850 PgC, sufficient to balance the loss of carbon from the atmosphere (ca. 200 PgC) and from the terrestrial biosphere (ca. 300 - 600 PgC).  In addition, recognizing the enhanced preservation of organic matter in ice-age sediments of the deep Pacific Ocean helps reconcile previously unexplained inconsistencies among different geochemical proxy records used to assess past changes in biological productivity of the ocean.","author":{"name":"Anderson R.F., J.P. Sachs, M.Q. Fleisher, K.A. Allen, J. Yu, A. Koutavas, S.L. Jaccard"},"citation":"Anderson R.F., J.P. Sachs, M.Q. Fleisher, K.A. Allen, J. Yu, A. Koutavas, S.L. Jaccard. 2018. Deep-sea oxygen depletion and ocean carbon sequestration during the last ice age. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, under review. 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