{"NOAAStudyId":"2634","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2004-01-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-2634.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":18148,"earliestYearCE":-16198,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-2634","funding":[],"investigators":"Stott, L.D.; Cannariato, K.G.; Thunell, R.C.; Haug, G.H.; Koutavas, A.; Lund, S.P.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/2634","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"In the present-day climate, surface water salinities are low in the western tropical Pacific Ocean and increase towards the eastern part of the basin. The salinity of surface waters in the tropical Pacific Ocean is thought to be controlled by a combination of atmospheric convection, precipitation, evaporation and ocean dynamics, and on interannual timescales significant variability is associated with the El Niņo/Southern Oscillation cycles. However, little is known about the variability of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system on timescales of centuries to millennia. Here we combine oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca data from foraminifers retrieved from three sediment cores in the western tropical Pacific Ocean to reconstruct Holocene sea surface temperatures and salinities in the region. We find a decrease in sea surface temperatures of ~0.5 °C over the past 10,000 yr, whereas sea surface salinities decreased by ~1.5 practical salinity units. Our data imply either that the Pacific basin as a whole has become progressively less salty or that the present salinity gradient along the Equator has developed relatively recently.","author":null,"citation":"Stott, L.D., K.G. Cannariato, R.C. Thunell, G.H. Haug, A. Koutavas, and S.P. Lund. 2004. Decline of surface temperature and salinity in the western tropical Pacific Ocean in the Holocene epoch. Nature, v. 431, p. 56-59.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature0293","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature0293"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2004,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Decline of surface temperature and salinity in the western tropical Pacific Ocean in the Holocene epoch","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction","Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19263","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-10.6","125.38"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"125.38","maxElevationMeters":"-832","minElevationMeters":"-832","northernmostLatitude":"-10.6","southernmostLatitude":"-10.6","westernmostLongitude":"125.38"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"4345","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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