{"NOAAStudyId":"2639","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2004-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-2639.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":24908,"earliestYearCE":-22958,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-2639","funding":[],"investigators":"Oba, T.; Murayama, M.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/2639","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The oxygen isotope records of both benthic and planktonic Foraminifera in five piston cores, collected from the region between the Oyashio and Kuroshio Currents near Japan, clearly show the marked latitudinal shifts of these two currents during the past 25 kyr. Under the present hydrographic condition, a clear relationship between the sea-surface temperature (SST) and oxygen isotope differences from benthic to planktonic Foraminifera is observed in this region. Using this relationship, we find decreased SSTs of 12-13°C (maximum 15°C) in the southernmost core site at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), indicating the Oyashio Current shifted southward. The SSTs at the southern two core sites abruptly increased more than 10°C at 10-11 ka, suggesting the Kuroshio Current shifted northward over these sites at 10-11 ka. In contrast, the northern two core sites have remained under the influence of the cold Oyashio Current for the past 25 kyr. With the reasonable estimate of bottom-water temperature decrease of 2.5°C at the LGM, the SSTs estimated by this new method give exactly the same SST values calculated from Mg/Ca ratio of planktonic Foraminifera, allowing palaeosea-surface salinities to be reconstructed. The result suggests that the ice volume effect was 1.0 ą 0.1 per mil at the LGM.","author":null,"citation":"Oba, T. and M. Murayama. 2004. Sea-surface temperature and salinity changes in the northwest Pacific since the Last Glacial Maximum. Journal of Quaternary Science, 19(4), 335 - 346.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Quaternary Science","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2004,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Sea-surface temperature and salinity changes in the northwest Pacific since the Last Glacial Maximum","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"17914","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["36.77","142.22"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"142.22","maxElevationMeters":"-2630","minElevationMeters":"-2630","northernmostLatitude":"36.77","southernmostLatitude":"36.77","westernmostLongitude":"142.22"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"4357","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oba2004","linkText":"oba2004","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/ch8404ob-tab.txt","linkText":"ch8404ob-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"practical salinity unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water>sea surface","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"practical salinity unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for LGM bottom water temperature","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"CH8404OB","dataTableNotes":"Isotope data for core CH84-04 are presented in a paper of Labeyrie et al.(1990). Corrected SST was obtained by assuming that the bottom temperature at the LGM was 2.5°C lower than today and recovered in accordance with the eustatic sea level rise. 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variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerina sp.>Globigerina bulloides","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globorotalia sp.>Globorotalia inflata","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerina sp.>Globigerina bulloides","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globorotalia sp.>Globorotalia inflata","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Bulimina aculeata","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Bulimina aculeata","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Uvigerina senticosa","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Uvigerina senticosa","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"MD1-2421","dataTableNotes":"SST is calculated from the following equation, SST = 0.331 x D2 + 3.643 X D -0.14. D =  d18O difference from benthic foraminifera to G. bulloides. Corrected SST was obtained by assuming that the bottom temperature at the LGM was 2.5°C lower than today and","earliestYear":20717,"earliestYearBP":24905,"earliestYearCE":-22955,"mostRecentYear":240,"mostRecentYearBP":316,"mostRecentYearCE":1634,"species":[],"timeUnit":"14C yr BP"}],"siteName":"MD01-2421"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Northwest Pacific Stable Isotope Data and SSS/SST Reconstructions","studyNotes":"","version":"1.0","xmlId":"1709"}