{"NOAAStudyId":"5589","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2006-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-5589.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":156360,"earliestYearCE":-154410,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-5589","funding":[],"investigators":"Pahnke, K.; Sachs, J.P.","mostRecentYearBP":1951,"mostRecentYearCE":-1,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5589","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Late Quaternary climate fluctuated between extremes of glaciations, lasting ~90 kyr on average, and interglacial episodes, lasting ~10 kyr. Still largely unknown are the spatial and temporal evolution of these global climate states, with vigorous debate still underway on the mechanisms responsible for glacial inceptions and terminations. Though it is widely believed that the Southern Hemisphere oceans play a central role in global climate changes, few paleoclimate records exist from there. Here we present three new alkenone-derived SST records from the midlatitude Southern Hemisphere spanning the last 160 kyr, a full glacial-interglacial cycle. Our subtropical SST records from the last glacial period are characterized by (1) warming 47ŋ23 kyr B.P., when high latitudes in both hemispheres cooled, and (2) milder temperatures during the penultimate glacial period than during the last glacial interval. These SST features are found to be of tropical- to subtropical-wide extent, implying increased thermal gradients at times of high-latitude ice sheet growth. This has implications for the vigor of atmospheric and upper ocean circulation and the transport of heat and moisture to the poles that may have been instrumental in the growth and maintenance of polar ice sheets during glacial periods.","author":null,"citation":"Pahnke, K., and J.P. Sachs.  2006. Sea surface temperatures of southern midlatitudes 0-160 kyr B.P. Paleoceanography, 21, PA2003.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Sea surface temperatures of southern midlatitudes 0-160 kyr B.P.","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19236","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-45.53","174.93"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"174.93","maxElevationMeters":"-1210","minElevationMeters":"-1210","northernmostLatitude":"-45.53","southernmostLatitude":"-45.53","westernmostLongitude":"174.93"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>South Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7966","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/pahnke2006","linkText":"pahnke2006","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/m97-2120-tab.txt","linkText":"m97-2120-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Prahl et al. 1988 calibration","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Sikes and Volkman 1993 calibration","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"}]}],"dataTableName":"M97-2120","dataTableNotes":"Alkenone paleothermometry by 2 published calibrations: Prahl et al. [1988]:  Uk'37 = 0.034T  + 0.039  (r2 = 0.994) and Sikes and Volkman [1993]:  Uk'37 = 0.0414T + 0.156  (r2 = 0.958)","earliestYear":156360,"earliestYearBP":156360,"earliestYearCE":-154410,"mostRecentYear":1951,"mostRecentYearBP":1951,"mostRecentYearCE":-1,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"MD97-2120"},{"NOAASiteId":"19307","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-40.37","177.98"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"177.98","maxElevationMeters":"-3014","minElevationMeters":"-3014","northernmostLatitude":"-40.37","southernmostLatitude":"-40.37","westernmostLongitude":"177.98"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>South Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7967","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/pahnke2006","linkText":"pahnke2006","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/m97-2121-tab.txt","linkText":"m97-2121-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Prahl et al. 1988 calibration","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Sikes and Volkman 1993 calibration","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"MD97-2121","dataTableNotes":"Alkenone paleothermometry by 2 published calibrations: Prahl et al. [1988]:  Uk'37 = 0.034T  + 0.039  (r2 = 0.994) and Sikes and Volkman [1993]:  Uk'37 = 0.0414T + 0.156  (r2 = 0.958)","earliestYear":135048,"earliestYearBP":135048,"earliestYearCE":-133098,"mostRecentYear":3316,"mostRecentYearBP":3316,"mostRecentYearCE":-1366,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"MD97-2121"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Southern Ocean Midlatitude 160KYr Alkenone SST Reconstructions","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"1840"}