{"NOAAStudyId":"5594","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2007-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-5594.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":62987,"earliestYearCE":-61037,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-5594","funding":[],"investigators":"Hoogakker, B.A.A.; McCave, I.N.","mostRecentYearBP":27912,"mostRecentYearCE":-25962,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5594","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Western Boundary Undercurrent (WBUC), off eastern America, is an important component of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning circulation and is the principal route for southward transport of North Atlantic waters and southward return of Southern Source Water (SSW). Here a direct flow speed proxy (mean grain size of the sortable silt) is used to infer the vigour of flow of the palaeo-WBUC at Blake Outer Ridge, (ODP Site 1060, depth 3481 m) during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. The overall shape of the flow speed proxy record shows a complex pattern of variability, with generally more vigorous flow and larger-scale flow variations between 35 and 60 ka than in the younger part of MIS 3 and MIS 2 (< 35 ka). Six events of reduced bottom flow vigour (Slow Events, SEs) occur. These appear uncorrelated with Heinrich events, but are instead synchronous with the warming phases of Antarctic Warm Events A-1 to A-4 (with one new one, A-1a and one poorly defined, `A-0ŋ). This indicates that Antarctic climate exerts a stronger control on deep flow vigour in the North Atlantic during MIS 3 than Northern Hemisphere climate. The correspondence of SEs with Antarctic warming suggests a weaker WBUC flow due to reduced volume flux at SSW source or reduced SSW density. Because the variability of the lower limb of the WBUC was not connected to sharp North Atlantic changes in temperature, it is unlikely that the Dansgaard/Oeschger cycles were associated with a mode of MOC variation involving whole-ocean overturn, but more likely with perturbations of only the shallow Glacial Gulf StreamŋGlacial Northern Source Intermediate Water cell. Nutrient proxies (benthic carbon isotopes and Cd/Ca of Uvigerina peregrina) at this site show similar trends to the GRIP d18O record. This correlation has previously been attributed mainly to hydrographic and flow changes but is here shown to be better explained by variations in surface ocean productivity and subsequent decomposition of 12C rich organic material on the sea floor.","author":null,"citation":"Hoogakker, B.A.A., I.N. McCave, and M.J. Vautravers. 2007. Antarctic link to deep flow speed variation during Marine Isotope Stage 3 in the western North Atlantic. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 257, 463ŋ473.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Antarctic link to deep flow speed variation during Marine Isotope Stage 3 in the western North Atlantic","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19318","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["30.766667","-74.466667"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-74.466667","maxElevationMeters":"-3481","minElevationMeters":"-3481","northernmostLatitude":"30.766667","southernmostLatitude":"30.766667","westernmostLongitude":"-74.466667"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"7979","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>lithology","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>population abundance","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>trace metals in carbonates"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/hoogakker2007","linkText":"hoogakker2007","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>lithology","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>trace metals in carbonates","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/odp1060-tab.txt","linkText":"odp1060-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"radiocarbon year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"cold-water species","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>foraminiferal index>total planktic foraminifers"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"warm-water species","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>foraminiferal index>total planktic foraminifers"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"silt fraction","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"micrometer","cvWhat":"physical property>diameter>grain size>grain size parameter>grain size median"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"90 to 150 microns","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per gram","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":">150 microns","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per gram","cvWhat":"geological material>bulk geological material>mineral matter"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.>Uvigerina peregrina","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>cadmium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"ODP1060","dataTableNotes":"Lithics and Warm and cold species percentages from Vautravers et al., 2004.","earliestYear":62987,"earliestYearBP":62987,"earliestYearCE":-61037,"mostRecentYear":23260,"mostRecentYearBP":27912,"mostRecentYearCE":-25962,"species":[],"timeUnit":"14C yr BP"}],"siteName":"ODP1060"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"ODP1060 MIS 3 Western Boundary Undercurrent Flow Vigour Data","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"1843"}