{"NOAAStudyId":"6397","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2007-10-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-6397.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":729,"earliestYearCE":1221,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-6397","funding":[],"investigators":"Black, D.E.; Abahazi, M.A.; Thunell, R.C.; Kaplan, A.; Tappa, E.J.; Peterson, L.C.","mostRecentYearBP":-40,"mostRecentYearCE":1990,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6397","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We present the first direct comparison and calibration of a downcore foraminiferal Mg/Ca record to historical instrumental sea surface temperature (SST). Mg/Ca measured on the planktic foraminifer Globigerina bulloides from a Cariaco Basin sediment core strongly correlate with spring (March–May) instrumental SSTs between A.D. 1870 and 1990. A Mg/Ca SST equation is derived and a paleo-SST record is presented spanning the last 8 centuries, an interval that includes the end of the Medieval Warm Period and the Little Ice Age. The long-term record displays a surprising amount of variability. The temperature swings are not necessarily related to local upwelling variability but instead represent wider conditions in the Caribbean and western tropical Atlantic. The Mg/Ca SST record also captures the decadal and multidecadal variability observed in records of global land and sea surface temperature anomalies and Atlantic tropical storm and hurricane frequency over the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A divergence between the SST proxy record and Atlantic storm frequency around 1970 appears to reflect a fundamental change in Atlantic hurricane behavior noted in historical data. On average, twentieth-century temperatures are not the warmest in the entire record, but they do show the largest increase in magnitude and fastest rate of SST change over the last 800 a.","author":null,"citation":"Black, D.E., M.A. Abahazi, R.C. Thunell, A. Kaplan, E.J. Tappa, and L.C. Peterson. 2007. An 8-century tropical Atlantic SST record from the Cariaco Basin: Baseline variability, twentieth-century warming, and Atlantic hurricane frequency. Paleoceanography, 22, PA4204. doi:10.1029/2007PA001427","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2007PA001427","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007PA001427"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"An 8-century tropical Atlantic SST record from the Cariaco Basin: Baseline variability, twentieth-century warming, and Atlantic hurricane frequency","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20684","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["10.77","-64.77"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-64.77","maxElevationMeters":"-450","minElevationMeters":"-450","northernmostLatitude":"10.77","southernmostLatitude":"10.77","westernmostLongitude":"-64.77"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"9540","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/pl7-73bc-tab.txt","linkText":"pl7-73bc-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/black2007/black2007.xls","linkText":"black2007.xls","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/black2007/black2007.txt","linkText":"black2007.txt","urlDescription":"Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"using G. bulloides","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Mar-May","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"interpolated to annual resolution","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"interpolated to annual resolution","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>planktic foraminifer>Globigerina sp.>Globigerina bulloides","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimole per mole","cvWhat":"chemical composition>element or compound ratio>magnesium/calcium"}]}],"dataTableName":"PL07-73BC","dataTableNotes":"100 Globigerina bulloides (212- 250-mm fraction) were picked from each 1 mm. sample for Mg/Ca analyses. Sample resolution is approx. 1 year per sample near the top of the record and approx. 1.5 years per sample near the bottom.","earliestYear":1221,"earliestYearBP":729,"earliestYearCE":1221,"mostRecentYear":1990,"mostRecentYearBP":-40,"mostRecentYearCE":1990,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"PL07-73BC"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Cariaco Basin 800 Year Mg/Ca Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"One hundred Globigerina bulloides (212- to 250-mm fraction) \nwere picked from each 1 mm. sample for Mg/Ca analyses.\nSample resolution is approximately 1 year per sample near the \ntop of the record and approximately 1.5 years per sample near \nthe bottom of the record.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"2422"}