{"NOAAStudyId":"6402","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2000-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-6402.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":26105,"earliestYearCE":-24155,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-6402","funding":[],"investigators":"Cullen, H.M.; deMenocal, P.B.; Hemming, S.R.; Hemming, G.; Brown, F.H.; Guilderson, T.P.; Sirocko, F.","mostRecentYearBP":1296,"mostRecentYearCE":654,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6402","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Akkadian empire ruled Mesopotamia from the headwaters of the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers to the Persian Gulf during the late third millennium B.C. Archeological evidence has shown that this highly developed civilization collapsed abruptly near 4170 ą 150 calendar yr B.P., perhaps related to a shift to more arid conditions. Detailed paleoclimate records to test this assertion from Mesopotamia are rare, but changes in regional aridity are preserved in adjacent ocean basins. We document Holocene changes in regional aridity using mineralogic and geochemical analyses of a marine sediment core from the Gulf of Oman, which is directly downwind of Mesopotamian dust source areas and archeological sites. Our results document a very abrupt increase in eolian dust and Mesopotamian aridity, accelerator mass spectrometer radiocarbon dated to 4025 ą 125 calendar yr B.P., which persisted for ~300 yr. Radiogenic (Nd and Sr) isotope analyses confirm that the observed increase in mineral dust was derived from Mesopotamian source areas. Geochemical correlation of volcanic ash shards between the archeological site and marine sediment record establishes a direct temporal link between Mesopotamian aridification and social collapse, implicating a sudden shift to more arid conditions as a key factor contributing to the collapse of the Akkadian empire.","author":null,"citation":"Cullen, H.M., P.B. deMenocal, S. Hemming, G. Hemming, F.H. Brown, T. Guilderson, and F. Sirocko. 2000. Climate change and the collapse of the Akkadian empire: Evidence from the deep sea. Geology, 28(4), 379-382.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Geology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2000,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Climate change and the collapse of the Akkadian empire: Evidence from the deep sea","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20688","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["24.38","59.05"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"59.05","maxElevationMeters":"-2732","minElevationMeters":"-2732","northernmostLatitude":"24.38","southernmostLatitude":"24.38","westernmostLongitude":"59.05"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"9548","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>lithology","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/cullen2000","linkText":"cullen2000","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>lithology","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/m5-422-tab.txt","linkText":"m5-422-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>calcium carbonate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"weight percent","cvWhat":"geological material>identified mineral>carbonate>dolomite"}]}],"dataTableName":"M5-422","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":21616,"earliestYearBP":26105,"earliestYearCE":-24155,"mostRecentYear":1388,"mostRecentYearBP":1296,"mostRecentYearCE":654,"species":[],"timeUnit":"14C yr BP"}],"siteName":"M5-422"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Gulf of Oman M5-422 Holocene Eolian Mineral Dust Data","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"2423"}