{"NOAAStudyId":"6403","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2008-05-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-6403.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":30657,"earliestYearCE":-28707,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-6403","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Netherlands Organization  for Scientific Research (NWO)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Weijers, J.W.H.; Schefuss, E.; Schouten, S.; Sinninghe Damsté, J.S.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6403","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We analyzed the distribution of branched tetraether membrane lipids derived from \r\nsoil bacteria in a marine sediment record that was recovered close to the Congo \r\nRiver outflow, and the results enabled us to reconstruct large-scale continental \r\ntemperature changes in tropical Africa that span the past 25,000 years. Tropical \r\nAfrican temperatures gradually increased from ~21° to 25°C over the last \r\ndeglaciation, which is a larger warming than estimated for the tropical Atlantic \r\nOcean.  A direct comparison with sea-surface temperature estimates from the same \r\ncore revealed that the land-sea temperature difference was, through the thermal \r\npressure gradient, an important control on central African precipitation patterns.","author":null,"citation":"Weijers, J.W.H., E. Schefuss, S. Schouten, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté. 2007.\r\nCoupled Thermal and Hydrological Evolution of Tropical Africa \r\nover the Last Deglaciation.\r\nScience, Vol.315, p.1701-1704.   \r\ndoi: 10.1126/science.1138131 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1138131","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1138131"},"issue":null,"journal":"Science","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Coupled Thermal and Hydrological Evolution of Tropical Africa  over the Last Deglaciation","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["PAGES Africa 2k","PAGES 2k Network","Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20689","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-5.58","11.22"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"11.22","maxElevationMeters":"-962","minElevationMeters":"-962","northernmostLatitude":"-5.58","southernmostLatitude":"-5.58","westernmostLongitude":"11.22"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>South Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"9549","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/gb6518-1-tab.txt","linkText":"gb6518-1-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mean air temperature over the Congo Basin","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"radiocarbon year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>cyclization index of branched tetraethers"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>methylation index of branched tetraethers"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/weijers2007/weijers2007.txt","linkText":"weijers2007.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>soil","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>acidity>pH"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mean air temperature of the Congo River basin","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>methylation index of branched tetraethers"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>cyclization index of branched tetraethers"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/weijers2007/weijers2007.xls","linkText":"weijers2007.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"GeoB 6518-1","dataTableNotes":"The pH calibration range is from 3.3 to 8.2 and the temperature calibration range is from -6.7 to 27.0 degC, which covers the entire range of pH and temperatures reconstructed from our core. The analytical reproducibility based on pooled standard deviations of duplicate measurements of samples is =< 0.01 units for the MBT index and ~0.01 units for the CBT ratio, or ~0.02 pH units and ~0.2C in the temperature estimates.","earliestYear":25790,"earliestYearBP":30657,"earliestYearCE":-28707,"mostRecentYear":30,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"14C yr BP"}],"siteName":"GeoB 6518-1"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Congo River Basin 25KYr MBT/CBT Data and Air Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"25 ky MBT/CBT record for the Congo River Basin (central tropical Africa) \nobtained from marine core GeoB 6518-1 situated in the Congo deep sea fan. \nAnnual mean air temperature and soil pH estimates have been obtained from \nbranched tetraether membrane lipids derived from soil bacteria and analysed \nwith high performance liquid chromatography / mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS).\n\nCore Location:\nGeoB 6518-1: 05°35.3'S, 11°13.3'E, 962m water depth (Congo Fan).\n\nAge calibration of core: \nDating of core GeoB 6518-1 was carried out by means of fifteen 14C-AMS \ndates on mixed planktonic foraminifera fractions containing \nGlobigerinoides ruber (white), Globigerinoides sacculifer and \nOrbulina universa. Radiocarbon ages were converted to calendar ages \nusing the program CALIB 4.4 (using the marine calibration and applying \na reservoir effect of 400 years) and were linearly interpolated to provide \nthe core chronology.  \n\nUncertainties: \nThe pH calibration range is from 3.3 to 8.2 and the temperature calibration \nrange is from -6.7 to 27.0°C, which covers the entire range of pH and \ntemperatures reconstructed from our core. The analytical reproducibility \nbased on pooled standard deviations of duplicate measurements of samples \nis =< 0.01 units for the MBT index and ± 0.01 units for the CBT ratio, \nor ± 0.02 pH units and ± 0.2°C in the temperature estimates. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"2424"}