{"NOAAStudyId":"6405","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2008-01-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-6405.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":846,"earliestYearCE":1104,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-6405","funding":[],"investigators":"Wanamaker, A.D.; Kreutz, K.J.; Schöne, B.R.; Pettigrew, N.; Borns, H.W.; Introne, D.S.; Belknap, D.; Maasch, K.A.; Feindel, S.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6405","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"To investigate ocean variability during the last millennium in the Western Gulf of Maine (GOM), we collected a 142-year-old living bivalve (Arctica islandica L.) in 2004, and three fossil A. islandica shells (calibrated 14CAMS = 1030 ą 78 ad; 1320 ą 45 ad; 1357 ą 40 ad) for stable isotope and growth increment analysis. A statistically significant relationship exists between modern GOM temperature records [shell isotope-derived (30 m) (r = -0.79; P < 0.007), Prince 5 (50 m) (r = -0.72; P < 0.019), Boothbay Harbor SST (r = -0.76; P < 0.011)], and Labrador Current (LC) transport data from the Eastern Newfoundland Slope during 1993ŋ2003. In all cases, as LC transport increased, GOM water temperatures decreased the following year. Decadal trends in the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) influence GOM water temperatures in the most recent period, with water temperatures decreasing during NAO and AMO negative modes most likely linked to LC transport and Gulf Stream interaction. Mean shell-derived isotopic changes (d18Oc) during the last 1,000 years were +0.47ŋ and likely reflect a 1ŋ2°C cooling from 1000 ad to present. Based on these results, we suggest that observed cooling in the GOM during the last millennium was due to increased transport and/or cooling of the LC, and decreased Gulf Stream influence on the GOM.","author":null,"citation":"Wanamaker, A.D., K.J. Kreutz, B.R. Schöne, N. Pettigrew, H.W. Borns, D.S. Introne, D. Belknap, K.A. Maasch, and S. Feindel. 2008. Coupled North Atlantic Slopewater forcing on Gulf of Maine temperatures over the past millennium. Climate Dynamics, 31(2-3), 183-194.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Climate Dynamics","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Coupled North Atlantic Slopewater forcing on Gulf of Maine temperatures over the past millennium","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20690","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["43.65","-69.8"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-69.8","maxElevationMeters":"-30","minElevationMeters":"-30","northernmostLatitude":"43.65","southernmostLatitude":"43.65","westernmostLongitude":"-69.8"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"9551","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/wanamaker2008","linkText":"wanamaker2008","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/wgomaine-tab.txt","linkText":"wgomaine-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"practical salinity unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water>sea surface","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"practical salinity unit","cvWhat":"chemical composition>solution property>salinity"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>bivalve","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Western Gulf of Maine ","dataTableNotes":"Calculated seawater temperature using the modified Grossman and Ku (1986) aragonite equation. Before 1928 longterm salinity mean of 32.1 ± 0.22 psu was used. Three fossils of A. islandica were collected 3 km away (43° 41' 13.14'' N, 69° 47' 56.34'' W) in 38 m water depth.","earliestYear":917,"earliestYearBP":846,"earliestYearCE":1104,"mostRecentYear":-53,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"14C yr BP"}],"siteName":"Western Gulf of Maine "}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Gulf of Maine Last Millennium Bivalve d18O Data and SST Reconstruction","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"2409"}