{"NOAAStudyId":"6415","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2008-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-6415.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":23103000,"earliestYearCE":-23101050,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-6415","funding":[],"investigators":"Tian, J.; Zhao, Q.; Wang, P.X.; Li, Q.Y.; Cheng, X.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6415","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"General global cooling over the Neogene has been modulated by changes in Earth's orbital parameters. Investigations of deep-sea sediment sequences show that various orbital cycles can dominate climate records for different latitudes or for different time intervals. However, a comprehensive understanding of astronomical imprints over the entire Neogene has been elusive because of the general absence of long, continuous records extending beyond the Pliocene. We present benthic foraminiferal d18O and d13C records over the past 23 Ma at Ocean Drilling Program Site 1148 in the northern South China Sea and construct an astronomically tuned timescale (TJ08) for these records based on natural gamma radiation and color reflectance data at this site. Our results show that a 41 ka cycle has dominated sediment records at this location over the Neogene, displaying a linear response to orbital forcing. A 100 ka cycle has also been significant. However, it is correlated nonlinearly with Earth's orbital variations at the 100 ka band. The sediment records also display a prominent 405 ka cycle. Although this cycle was coherent with orbital forcing during the Oligocene and the early Miocene, it was not coherent with Earth's orbital variations at the 405 ka band over the whole Neogene. Amplification of Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere glaciation since the middle Miocene may be responsible for this change in sedimentary response. Our benthic foraminifera d18O and d13C records further exhibit amplitude variations with longer periods of 600, 1000, 1200, and 2400 ka. Apparently, these cycles are nonlinear responses to insolation forcing.","author":null,"citation":"Tian, J., Q. Zhao, P. Wang, Q. Li, and X. Cheng. 2008. Astronomically modulated Neogene sediment records from the South China Sea. Paleoceanography, 23, PA3210.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Astronomically modulated Neogene sediment records from the South China Sea","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20714","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["18.836","116.566"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"116.566","maxElevationMeters":"-3296","minElevationMeters":"-3296","northernmostLatitude":"18.836","southernmostLatitude":"18.836","westernmostLongitude":"116.566"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Western Pacific Ocean>South China Sea","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"9577","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tian2008","linkText":"tian2008","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>physical properties","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>carbon isotopes","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/odp1148-tab.txt","linkText":"odp1148-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"radiocarbon year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"L* on CIE scale","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>reflectance>CIE L*a*b* color system>lightness"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"natural radiation signature","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"geological material>bulk geological material>sediment","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count per second","cvWhat":"electromagnetic property>gamma radiation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Cibicidoides sp.","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>foraminifer>benthic foraminifer>calcareous benthic foraminifer>Uvigerina sp.","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil PDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"ODP1148","dataTableNotes":"Astronomically tuned age model is based on the Natural Gamma Radiation (NGR) record, supplemented by the Color Spectral Reflectance (Lightness, CSR) record, which is inversely correlated to the NGR record.  To replace missing surface sediments, data from the upper 75 m of ODP Site 1147, which is located 1.16 km away from ODP 1148 (18°50.11'N, 116°33.28'E, ~3245 m depth), have been spliced to the ODP 1148 down-core record.","earliestYear":23103000,"earliestYearBP":23103000,"earliestYearCE":-23101050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"14C yr BP"}],"siteName":"ODP 1148"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"South China Sea ODP1148 Neogene Benthic Foraminiferal Isotope Data","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"2426"}