{"NOAAStudyId":"8406","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2004-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-8406.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-8406","funding":[],"investigators":"Mix, A.C.; Morey, A.; Pisias, N.G.; Hostetler, S.W.","mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8406","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The sensitivity of the tropics to climate change, particularly the amplitude of glacial-to-interglacial changes in sea surface temperature (SST), is one of the great controversies in paleoclimatology. Here we reassess faunal estimates of ice age SSTs, focusing on the problem of no-analog planktonic foraminiferal assemblages in the equatorial oceans that confounds both classical transfer function and modern analog methods. A new calibration strategy developed here, which uses past variability of species to define robust faunal assemblages, solves the no-analog problem and reveals ice age cooling of 5° to 6°C in the equatorial current systems of the Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Classical transfer functions underestimated temperature changes in some areas of the tropical oceans because core-top assemblages misrepresented the ice age faunal assemblages. Our finding is consistent with some geochemical estimates and model predictions of greater ice age cooling in the tropics than was inferred by Climate: Long-Range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction (CLIMAP) [1981] and thus may help to resolve a long-standing controversy. Our new foraminiferal transfer function suggests that such cooling was limited to the equatorial current systems, however, and supports CLIMAP's inference of stability of the subtropical gyre centers. ","author":null,"citation":"Mix, A.C., A.E. Morey, N.G. Pisias and S.W. Hostetler, 1999.  Foraminiferal faunal estimates of paleotemperature: Circumventing the no-analog problem yields cool ice age tropics. Paleoceanography, 14(3), 350-359. doi:10.1029/1999PA900012","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/1999PA900012","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999PA900012"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":1999,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Foraminiferal faunal estimates of paleotemperature: Circumventing the no-analog problem yields cool ice age tropics","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"-90","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"Unspecified","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mix1999/","linkText":"Data Folder","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":null,"dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":null,"earliestYearBP":null,"earliestYearCE":null,"mostRecentYear":null,"mostRecentYearBP":null,"mostRecentYearCE":null,"species":[],"timeUnit":null}],"siteName":"Global"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Mix et al 1999 LGM SST Estimates","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"4796"}