{"NOAAStudyId":"8624","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2009-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-8624.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":4012228,"earliestYearCE":-4010278,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-8624","funding":[],"investigators":"Lawrence, K.T.; Herbert, T.D.; Brown, C.M.; Raymo, M.E.; Haywood, A.M.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8624","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We provide the first continuous, orbital-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) record from the high-latitude North Atlantic, a region critical to understanding the origin of the Plio-Pleistocene ice ages and proximal to regions that became frequently glaciated after ~2.7 Ma. We analyzed sediments from Ocean Drilling Program Site 982 over the last 4 Ma for their alkenone unsaturation index and compared this surface water signal to a benthic d18O record obtained from the same section. We find that while ocean surface temperatures were significantly warmer (~6°C) than modern temperatures during the early Pliocene, they were also as variable as those during the late Pleistocene, a surprising result in light of the subdued variance of oxygen isotopic time series during the interval of 3-5 Ma. We propose two possible explanations for the high orbital-scale SST variability observed: either that a strong, high-latitude feedback mechanism not involving large continental ice sheets alternately cooled and warmed a broad region of the northern high latitudes or that by virtue of its location near the northern margin of the North Atlantic Drift, the site was unusually sensitive to obliquity-driven climate shifts. On supraorbital time scales, a strong, sustained cooling of North Atlantic SSTs (~4.5°C) occurred from 3.5 to 2.5 Ma and was followed by an interval of more modest cooling (an additional 1.5°C) from 2.5 Ma to the present. Evolutionary orbital-scale phase relationships between North Atlantic SST and benthic d18O show that SST began to lead d18O significantly coincident with the onset of strong cooling at Site 982 (~3.5 Ma). We speculate that these changes were related to the growth and subsequent persistence of a Greenland ice sheet of approximately modern size through interglacial states.","author":{"name":"Lawrence, K.T., T.D. Herbert, C.M. Brown, M.E. Raymo, and A.M. Haywood"},"citation":"Lawrence, K.T., T.D. Herbert, C.M. Brown, M.E. Raymo, and A.M. Haywood. 2009. High-amplitude variations in North Atlantic sea surface temperature during the early Pliocene warm period. Paleoceanography, 24, PA2218.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2008PA001669","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2008PA001669"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"High-amplitude variations in North Atlantic sea surface temperature during the early Pliocene warm period","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19135","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["57.517","-15.8665"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-15.8665","maxElevationMeters":"-1145","minElevationMeters":"-1145","northernmostLatitude":"57.517","southernmostLatitude":"57.517","westernmostLongitude":"-15.8665"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"12473","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/lawrence2009","linkText":"lawrence2009","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/odp982-l-tab.txt","linkText":"odp982-l-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Prahl et al. 1988 calibration","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"}]}],"dataTableName":"ODP982-L","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":4012228,"earliestYearBP":4012228,"earliestYearCE":-4010278,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"14C yr BP"}],"siteName":"ODP 982"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"North Atlantic ODP982 Pliocene Alkenone SST Reconstruction ","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"7419"}