{"NOAAStudyId":"9035","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2008-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-9035.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":30181,"earliestYearCE":-28231,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-9035","funding":[],"investigators":"Praetorius, S.K.; McManus, J.F.; Oppo, D.W.; Curry, W.B.","mostRecentYearBP":462,"mostRecentYearCE":1488,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9035","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Past changes in the freshwater balance of the surface North Atlantic Ocean are thought to have influenced the rate of deep-water formation, and consequently climate. Although water-mass proxies are generally consistent with an impact of freshwater input on meridional overturning circulation, there has been little dynamic evidence to support this linkage. Here we present a 25,000 year record of variations in sediment grain size from south of Iceland, which indicates vigorous bottom-water currents during both the last glacial maximum and the Holocene period. Together with reconstructions of North Atlantic water-mass distribution, vigorous bottom currents suggest a shorter residence time of northern-source waters during the last glacial maximum, relative to the Holocene period. The most significant reductions in flow strength occur during periods that have been associated with freshening of the surface North Atlantic. The short-term deglacial oscillations in bottom current strength are closely coupled to changes in Greenland air temperature, with a minimum during the Younger Dryas cold reversal and a maximum at the time of rapid warming at the onset of the Holocene. Our results support a strong connection between ocean circulation and rapid climate change.","author":null,"citation":"Praetorius, S.K., J.F. McManus, D.W. Oppo, and W.B. Curry. 2008. Episodic reductions in bottom-water currents since the last ice age. Nature Geoscience, 1, 449-452.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Episodic reductions in bottom-water currents since the last ice age","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"30610","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["61.43","-24.08"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-24.08","maxElevationMeters":"-1648","minElevationMeters":"-1648","northernmostLatitude":"61.43","southernmostLatitude":"61.43","westernmostLongitude":"-24.08"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"12367","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>lithology","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>oxygen isotopes","earth 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