{"NOAAStudyId":"9039","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2006-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-9039.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":135000,"earliestYearCE":-133050,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-9039","funding":[],"investigators":"Lea, D.W.; Pak, D.K.; Belanger, C.L.; Spero, H.J.; Hall, M.A.; Shackleton, N.J.","mostRecentYearBP":1200,"mostRecentYearCE":750,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9039","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Records of planktonic and benthic foraminiferal d18O and planktonic Mg/Ca from core TR163-22, just northwest of the Galápagos Islands, reveal a detailed (250-450 year resolution) climate history of the region over the last 135 thousand years (kyr). Sea surface temperatures (SSTs), reconstructed from G. ruber Mg/Ca, averaged 24.3ą0.4 °C during the Holocene, 22.6ą0.6 °C during marine isotope stage (MIS) 2, 3 and 4, and 26.0ą0.9 °C during MIS 5e. Changes in SST lead changes in both planktonic and benthic d18O by an average ~3 kyr, suggesting that SST changes in this region predated continental ice volume changes. Changes in SST display clear millennial scale variability, especially in marine isotope stage 3, with behavior somewhat similar to Antarctic proxy air temperature and South Pacific SST records. Removal of the temperature component from the planktonic d18O record demonstrates that glacial-interglacial d18O-water changes at this site were 1.0ą0.2 per mil,\r\nsimilar to estimates for mean ocean shifts, implying that salinity changes due to regional hydrological variation between the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene in the Galápagos region were minimal. Comparison between the TR163-22 SST record and an SST record from core TR163-19 North of the Equatorial Front reveals a largely similar broad-scale climate history, suggesting that changes in the Galápagos region were caused by large scale forcing rather than by local or regional dynamical changes. Changes in atmospheric greenhouse forcing are the most plausible explanation for the observed large-scale climate changes in the eastern equatorial Pacific.","author":null,"citation":"Lea, D.W., D.K. Pak, C.L. Belanger, H.J. Spero, M.A. Hall, and N.J. Shackleton. 2006. Paleoclimate history of Galápagos surface waters over the last 135,000 yr. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25(11-12), 1152-1167. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.11.010.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Paleoclimate history of Galápagos surface waters over the last 135,000 yr","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"30619","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[".52","-92.4"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-92.4","maxElevationMeters":"-2830","minElevationMeters":"-2830","northernmostLatitude":"0.52","southernmostLatitude":"0.52","westernmostLongitude":"-92.4"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"12376","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth 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Geophys. Geosyst. ","earliestYear":135000,"earliestYearBP":135000,"earliestYearCE":-133050,"mostRecentYear":1200,"mostRecentYearBP":1200,"mostRecentYearCE":750,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"TR163-22"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Galapagos TR163-22 Foraminiferal d18O and Mg/Ca Data and SST Reconstruction","studyNotes":"","version":"1.0","xmlId":"2803"}