{"NOAAStudyId":"9040","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2003-03-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-9040.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":171400,"earliestYearCE":-169450,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-9040","funding":[],"investigators":"Bard, E.; Rostek, F.; Sonzogni., C.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9040","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The relative timings of the last deglacial warming in the Southern and Northern hemispheres are not well constrained, but are a crucial component in understanding the mechanisms of deglaciation. A clearer picture of the degree of interhemispheric synchrony has been obscured by a dearth of high-resolution temperature records that can be tied to the absolute calendar timescale. Moreover, the quantification of tropical temperatures during the last glacial cycle is controversial. Here we apply the alkenone method of sea surface temperature reconstruction to several high-resolution sediment cores recovered from the tropical Indian Ocean between 20° N and 20° S. The inferred initial sea surface temperature warming ~15,000 calendar years ago at 20° S is in phase with Northern Hemisphere sea (this study) and air temperature changes, but lags Antarctic warming by several millennia. This finding, along with the results of recent modelling studies, provides strong support for the idea that changes in the ocean's global thermohaline circulation were not the only cause of interhemispheric climate teleconnection during the last deglaciation","author":null,"citation":"Bard, E., F. Rostek, and C. Sonzogni. 1997.\r Interhemispheric synchrony of the last deglaciation inferred \rfrom alkenone palaeothermometry. \rNature 385, 707-710","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":1997,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Interhemispheric synchrony of the last deglaciation inferred from alkenone palaeothermometry","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Rostek, F., E. Bard, L. Beaufort, C. Sonzogni, and G. Ganssen"},"citation":"Rostek, F., E. Bard, L. Beaufort, C. Sonzogni, and G. Ganssen. 1997.\r\nSea surface temperature and productivity records for the past 240 kyr \r\nin the Arabian Sea. Deep Sea Research II, 44, 1461-1480.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Deep Sea Research II","pages":"1461-1480","pubRank":"3","pubYear":1997,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Sea surface temperature and productivity records for the past 240 kyr in the Arabian Sea","type":"publication","volume":"44"},{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Rostek, F., G. Ruhland, F. Bassinot, P.J. Mueller, L. Labeyrie, Y. Lancelot, and E. Bard. 1993. Reconstructing sea surface temperature and salinity using d18O and alkenone records. Nature, 364, 319-321.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":1993,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Reconstructing sea surface temperature and salinity using d18O and alkenone records","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19094","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-.02","46.03"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"46.03","maxElevationMeters":"-4020","minElevationMeters":"-4020","northernmostLatitude":"-0.02","southernmostLatitude":"-0.02","westernmostLongitude":"46.03"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"12378","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bard1997","linkText":"bard1997","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/m85668eb-tab.txt","linkText":"m85668eb-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/syntrace/t21data/m85668eb-sytr-tab.txt","linkText":"m85668eb-sytr-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Syntrace","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"M85668EB","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":151500,"earliestYearBP":151500,"earliestYearCE":-149550,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"MD85668"},{"NOAASiteId":"22915","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["5.07","73.88"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"73.88","maxElevationMeters":"-2446","minElevationMeters":"-2446","northernmostLatitude":"5.07","southernmostLatitude":"5.07","westernmostLongitude":"73.88"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"12469","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bard1997","linkText":"bard1997","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/md90963-tab.txt","linkText":"md90963-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"MD90963","dataTableNotes":"Geochemical and geochronological data, together with some interpretations, can be found in Rostek et al. (1993)","earliestYear":171400,"earliestYearBP":171400,"earliestYearCE":-169450,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"MD90963"},{"NOAASiteId":"30620","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-20.4","36.33"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"36.33","maxElevationMeters":"-1260","minElevationMeters":"-1260","northernmostLatitude":"-20.4","southernmostLatitude":"-20.4","westernmostLongitude":"36.33"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"12377","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bard1997","linkText":"bard1997","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/md79257-tab.txt","linkText":"md79257-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/syntrace/t21data/md79257-sytr-tab.txt","linkText":"md79257-sytr-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Syntrace","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"MD79257","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":44900,"earliestYearBP":44900,"earliestYearCE":-42950,"mostRecentYear":1200,"mostRecentYearBP":1200,"mostRecentYearCE":750,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"MD79257"},{"NOAASiteId":"30622","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["3.18","50.43"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"50.43","maxElevationMeters":"-4875","minElevationMeters":"-4875","northernmostLatitude":"3.18","southernmostLatitude":"3.18","westernmostLongitude":"50.43"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"12379","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bard1997","linkText":"bard1997","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/md85674-tab.txt","linkText":"md85674-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/syntrace/t21data/md85674-sytr-tab.txt","linkText":"md85674-sytr-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Syntrace","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"MD85674","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":149200,"earliestYearBP":149200,"earliestYearCE":-147250,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"MD85674"},{"NOAASiteId":"30653","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["13.7","53.25"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"53.25","maxElevationMeters":"-2490","minElevationMeters":"-2490","northernmostLatitude":"13.7","southernmostLatitude":"13.7","westernmostLongitude":"53.25"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Indian Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"12408","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bard1997","linkText":"bard1997","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/t93929-p-tab.txt","linkText":"t93929-p-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/syntrace/t21data/t93929-p-sytr-tab.txt","linkText":"t93929-p-sytr-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Syntrace","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"TY93-929/P","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":152600,"earliestYearBP":152600,"earliestYearCE":-150650,"mostRecentYear":2300,"mostRecentYearBP":2300,"mostRecentYearCE":-350,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"TY93-929/P"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Indian Ocean Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction for last 150,000 years","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"7071"}