{"NOAAStudyId":"9096","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2006-12-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/paleoceanography","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-ocean-9096.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":115970,"earliestYearCE":-114020,"entryId":"noaa-ocean-9096","funding":[],"investigators":"Harada, N.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9096","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Sea-ice expansion in the Okhotsk Sea in winter is sensitively affected by global warming and cooling. Regionally, the southwestern Okhotsk Sea is closely linked to climate change in East Asia, including Japan, because the cold sea surface temperature (SST) in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea influences directly the development of the Okhotsk atmospheric high-pressure system, and the activated Okhotsk high causes cold climatic conditions in northern Japan. Therefore, environmental change in the Okhotsk Sea indicates two-way interactions as a sensitive mirror reflecting global climate change and as a driving force of regional climate change. To better understand how surface environmental changes in the Okhotsk Sea can influence climate change in East Asia, SSTs were estimated in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea for the past 120 ky with millennial to centennial time resolution using the long-chain unsaturated alkyl ketone (alkenone) thermometer. The alkenone temperature, which corresponds to the SST to 20 m depth in autumn, showed repeated abrupt changes at a centennial timescale, especially during the last glacial period, 20ŋ60 ky before present (BP). The alkenone temperature changed concurrently with changes from interstadials (warm events) to stadials (cold events) in the d18O record of the ice cores from Greenland, although some interstadials could not be identified in the alkenone temperature record. A wavelet power spectrum analysis showed that a periodicity of about 8 ky was prominent during 10ŋ90 ky BP, and a 4- to 5-ky cycle was characteristic during 30ŋ40 ky BP in the alkenone temperature records. These periodicities were both similar and dissimilar to those in the Polar Circulation Index, which is based on the atmospheric circulation intensity at high latitudes, as recorded by major-ion concentrations in GISP2. Both the similarity and dissimilarity imply that the SST in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea is controlled mainly by the atmosphereŋocean circulation system in the Northern Hemisphere; however, the relationship between the SST in the Okhotsk Sea and the climate in the Greenland is not linear. Anomalously high alkenone temperatures occurred repeatedly in the glacial period. These warm alkenone temperature episodes would have had multiple causes. In particular, high alkenone temperatures during the last glacial maximum (LGM) have been reported previously for locations near this study site. More investigations are necessary to understand what happened in the Okhotsk Sea and in adjacent seas at the time of the LGM.","author":null,"citation":"Harada, N., N. Ahagon, T. Sakamoto, M. Uchida, M. Ikehara, and Y. Shibata.  2006. Rapid fluctuation of alkenone temperature in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea during the past 120 ky. Global and Planetary Change, 53, 29-46.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Global and Planetary Change","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2006,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Rapid fluctuation of alkenone temperature in the southwestern Okhotsk Sea during the past 120 ky","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"30652","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["44.53","145"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"145","maxElevationMeters":"-1225","minElevationMeters":"-1225","northernmostLatitude":"44.53","southernmostLatitude":"44.53","westernmostLongitude":"145"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"12407","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/harada2006","linkText":"harada2006","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>biomarkers","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>age control","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/md1-2412-tab.txt","linkText":"md1-2412-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Alternate Format Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/syntrace/t21data/md1-2412-sytr-tab.txt","linkText":"md1-2412-sytr-tab.txt","urlDescription":"Syntrace","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index>alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime"}]}],"dataTableName":"MD01-2412","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":115970,"earliestYearBP":115970,"earliestYearCE":-114020,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"MD01-2412"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Okhotsk Sea MD01-2412 Alkenone Data and SST Reconstruction","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"2908"}