{"NOAAStudyId":"12881","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-03-14","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"OTHER COLLECTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/other-collections","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-other-12881.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":226,"earliestYearCE":1724,"entryId":"noaa-other-12881","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ARC-0714074, RANNIS 070272013, ARC-0454662 "}],"investigators":"Miller, G.H.; Geirsdóttir, A.; Zhong, Y.; Larsen, D.J.; Otto-Bliesner, B.L.; Holland, M.M.; Bailey, D.A.; Refsnider, K.A.; Lehman, S.J.; Southon, J.R.; Anderson, C.; Björnsson, H.; Thordarson, T.","mostRecentYearBP":226,"mostRecentYearCE":1724,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12881","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Northern Hemisphere summer temperatures over the past 8000 years \r\nhave been paced by the slow decrease in summer insolation resulting \r\nfrom the precession of the equinoxes. However, the causes of \r\nsuperposed century-scale cold summer anomalies, of which the \r\nLittle Ice Age (LIA) is the most extreme, remain debated, largely \r\nbecause the natural forcings are either weak or, in the case of \r\nvolcanism, short lived. Here we present precisely dated records \r\nof ice-cap growth from Arctic Canada and Iceland showing that LIA \r\nsummer cold and ice growth began abruptly between 1275 and 1300 AD, \r\nfollowed by a substantial intensification 1430-1455 AD. Intervals \r\nof sudden ice growth coincide with two of the most volcanically \r\nperturbed half centuries of the past millennium.  A transient \r\nclimate model simulation shows that explosive volcanism produces \r\nabrupt summer cooling at these times, and that cold summers can be \r\nmaintained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks long after volcanic aerosols \r\nare removed. Our results suggest that the onset of the LIA can be \r\nlinked to an unusual 50-year-long episode with four large sulfur-rich \r\nexplosive eruptions, each with global sulfate loading >60 Tg. \r\nThe persistence of cold summers is best explained by consequent \r\nsea-ice/ocean feedbacks during a hemispheric summer insolation minimum; \r\nlarge changes in solar irradiance are not required. \r\n\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Miller, G.H, Á. Geirsdóttir, Y. Zhong, D.J. Larsen, B.L. Otto-Bliesner, \r\nM.M. Holland, D.A. Bailey, K.A. Refsnider, S.J. Lehman, J.R. Southon, \r\nC. Anderson, H. Björnsson, and T. Thordarson. 2012. \r\nAbrupt onset of the Little Ice Age triggered by volcanism \r\nand sustained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks. \r\nGeophys. Res. Lett., 39, L02708, doi:10.1029/2011GL050168","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2011GL050168","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL050168"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Abrupt onset of the Little Ice Age triggered by volcanism  and sustained by sea-ice/ocean feedbacks","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["Arctic"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"48125","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["71.04155","-74.66817"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-74.66817","maxElevationMeters":"852","minElevationMeters":"852","northernmostLatitude":"71.04155","southernmostLatitude":"71.04155","westernmostLongitude":"-74.66817"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Canada>Nunavut","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21214","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>others"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/radiocarbon/baffin2012c14.txt","linkText":"baffin2012c14.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>others"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/radiocarbon/baffin2012c14.xls","linkText":"baffin2012c14.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"M09-B107v2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1724,"earliestYearBP":226,"earliestYearCE":1724,"mostRecentYear":1724,"mostRecentYearBP":226,"mostRecentYearCE":1724,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"M09-B107v"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Baffin Island 1400 Year Ice Margin Radiocarbon Data ","studyNotes":"Radiocarbon dates on rooted vegetation revealed by receding ice \ncollected on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada. These data provide \na history of snowline lowering dates, which are highly correlated \nwith Arctic summer temperatures. \n\nSamples from Baffin Island, Arctic Canada: ~67 - 71ºN, ~74 - 82ºW ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10944"}