{"NOAAStudyId":"27070","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2019-06-17","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"OTHER COLLECTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/other-collections","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-other-27070.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":23000,"earliestYearCE":-21050,"entryId":"noaa-other-27070","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación","fundingGrant":"HAR2010-22115-C02-01"}],"investigators":"Ortiz, J.E.; Sanchez-Palencia, Y.; Gutierrez-Zugasti, I.; Torres, T.; Gonzalez-Morales, M.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/27070","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The inter-and intra-crystalline fractions of the topshell Phorcus lineatus recovered from modern specimens and shells from archaeological sites in Northern Spain covering Neolithic, Mesolithic, and Upper Magdalenian periods were examined for amino acid composition and racemisation over time. The main loss of proteins from the inter-crystalline fraction occurred within the first 6000 years after the death of the organism. In contrast, the intra-crystalline fraction isolated by bleaching-with a different protein composition to that of the inter-crystalline fraction-appeared to behave like a closed system for at least 12.6 ka, as reflected by the lack of a significant decrease in amino acid content. However, changes in the relative composition of the amino acids present in these shells occurred during this period. The concentration of aspartic acid remained almost constant with age within the intra-crystalline fraction and its contribution to the total amino acid content also remained the same. Good correspondence was obtained between Asx D/L values in unbleached and bleached samples and age, thereby allowing the dating of archaeological sites and the determination of chronometric age.","author":{"name":"Jose E. Ortiz, Yolanda Sanchez-Palencia, Igor Gutierrez-Zugasti, Trinidad Torres, Manuel Gonzalez-Morales"},"citation":"Jose E. Ortiz, Yolanda Sanchez-Palencia, Igor Gutierrez-Zugasti, Trinidad Torres, Manuel Gonzalez-Morales. 2018. Protein diagenesis in archaeological gastropod shells and the suitability of this material for amino acid racemisation dating: Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778). Quaternary Geochronology, 46, 16-27. doi: 10.1016/j.quageo.2018.02.002","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quageo.2018.02.002","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quageo.2018.02.002"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Geochronology","pages":"16-27","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2018,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Protein diagenesis in archaeological gastropod shells and the suitability of this material for amino acid racemisation dating: Phorcus lineatus (da Costa, 1778)","type":"publication","volume":"46"}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":null,"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57890","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["43.3","43.5","-5.1","-3.4"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-3.4","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"43.5","southernmostLatitude":"43.3","westernmostLongitude":"-5.1"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Southern Europe>Spain","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"39434","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>others"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/aar/ortiz2018spain/ortiz2018spain.txt","linkText":"Northern Spain Littorina littorea Amino Acid Racemization Data","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>others"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/aar/ortiz2018spain/ortiz2018spain.xlsx","linkText":"Northern Spain Littorina littorea Amino Acid Racemization Data","urlDescription":"Excel File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Ortiz2018AAR","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":23000,"earliestYearBP":23000,"earliestYearCE":-21050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Northern Spain caves"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Northern Spain 23,000 Year Littorina littorea Amino Acid Racemization Data","studyNotes":"Amino acid racemization (AAR) data in mollusc samples (Littorina littorea) from archaeological levels in Northern Iberian Peninsula caves.\r\n\r\nLABORATORY AND ANALYTICAL INFORMATION\t\r\nLab:\tBiomolecular Stratigraphy Laboratory (E.T.S.I.Minas)\r\nLab PI:\tJosé E. Ortiz, Yolanda Sánchez-Palencia, Trinidad Torres\r\nPreparation date: \tApr 2010 through Nov 2018\r\nPretreatment: \tHCl 2N\r\nAA  fraction =\tAMINO FRACTION\r\nHydrolysis procedure: \t20 hr at 100°C in 20 µL/mg of 7 M HCl under N2 \r\nBleach:\tNo/yes\r\nAnalytical method:\tRLPC\r\nInstrumental programming: \tRPLC buffer gradient \r\nConcentration\tyes\r\nArea or height ratio:\tArea\r\nBlank corrections:\tnone\r\nResponse factors:\tnone\r\nData screening criteria: Rejection criteria: \t\r\n1 = L-Ser/L-Asp > 0.8; \t\r\n2 = Asp or Glu D/L > ± 2s beyond group mean \t\r\n3 = Asp or Glu D/L fall off the covarience trend","version":"1.0","xmlId":"66866"}