{"NOAAStudyId":"13155","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-07-25","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"POLLEN","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/pollen","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-pollen-13155.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":20035,"earliestYearCE":-18085,"entryId":"noaa-pollen-13155","funding":[],"investigators":"Scott, L.","mostRecentYearBP":338,"mostRecentYearCE":1612,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13155","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Pollen spectra from cores of organic spring deposits from \r\nthe Transvaal provide evidence for the climatic evolution \r\nof the province during the last 35,000 yr B.P. or more. \r\nThe past climatic phases are derived from palynological \r\nreconstructions of past vegetation types by comparison \r\nof fossil pollen data with modern surface pollen spectra \r\nfrom various localities. Evidence is provided for an early \r\nmoist, cool phase with relatively mesic bushveld and expanded \r\nmontane forest in the central Transvaal, followed by a drier \r\nperiod with drier bushveld which probably lasted until \r\napproximately 25,000 yr B.P. During the next phase, \r\nwhich at the latest ended about 11,000 yr B.P., \r\nthe temperatures were probably 5°-6°C cooler than at present. \r\nAt that time bushveld vegetation in the central Transvaal \r\nwas replaced by open grassland with macchia elements. \r\nClimatic amelioration came and semiarid savanna returned \r\nto the plains, at first gradually and then developing into \r\na warm Kalahari thornveld-type vegetation. After 6000 yr B.P. \r\nit apparently became slightly wetter and a more broad-leafed \r\nbushveld developed. About 4000 yr B.P. it again became cooler \r\nand slightly wetter and the bushveld vegetation on the central \r\nand northern plains was comparable to present open upland types. \r\nAfter 2000 yr B.P. conditions gradually became warner until \r\nabout 1000 yr B.P., when the modern climate of the central \r\nTransvaal bushveld originated. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Scott, L. 1982. \r\nA Late Quaternary Pollen Record from the Transvaal Bushveld, \r\nSouth Africa. \r\nQuaternary Research, Vol. 17, Issue 3, May 1982, pp. 339-340. \r\nhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(82)90028-X","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/0033-5894(82)90028-X","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(82)90028-X"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":1982,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A Late Quaternary Pollen Record from the Transvaal Bushveld,  South Africa","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"N","scienceKeywords":["PAGES 2k Network","PAGES Africa 2k"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53233","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-24.4333","28.75"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"28.75","maxElevationMeters":"1100","minElevationMeters":"1100","northernmostLatitude":"-24.4333","southernmostLatitude":"-24.4333","westernmostLongitude":"28.75"}},"locationName":"Continent>Africa>Southern Africa>South Africa","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22629","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>pollen>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/africa/wonderkrater1982pollen.txt","linkText":"wonderkrater1982pollen.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>pollen>population abundance"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/africa/wonderkrater1982pollen.xls","linkText":"wonderkrater1982pollen.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"WkrB3pollen","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":20035,"earliestYearBP":20035,"earliestYearCE":-18085,"mostRecentYear":338,"mostRecentYearBP":338,"mostRecentYearCE":1612,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Wonderkrater WkrB3"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Wonderkrater, South Africa 20,000 Year Pollen Data","studyNotes":"20,000 year pollen record from a peat deposit surrounding \nthe Wonderkrater thermal spring near Naboomspruit, in the \nTransvaal bushveld, South Africa. \n\nWonderkrater: 24°26'S, 28°45'E, elevation 1100m.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11197"}