{"NOAAStudyId":"10427","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-05-21","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-10427.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":918,"earliestYearCE":1032,"entryId":"noaa-recon-10427","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Larocque, I.; Grosjean, M.; Heiri, O.; Trachsel, M.; Kamenik, C.","mostRecentYearBP":-48,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10427","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Fossil chironomids (non-biting midges) from varved Lake Silvaplana, \nSwitzerland, were used to reconstruct climate (mean July air temperatures) \nduring the last millennium. At the beginning of the record, corresponding \nto the last part of the \"Medieval Climate Anomaly\" (MCA) (here the period \nbetween ca 1032 and 1262 AD), the chironomid-inferred mean July air \ntemperatures were 1 °C warmer (p < 0.01) than the climate reference period \n(1961-1990). The \"Little Ice Age\" seems to have been separated into three \nphases: significantly colder (-1.1 °C in average, p< 0.001) temperatures \nwere inferred between ca 1262 and 1481 AD, between ca 1514 and 1718 AD \n(-1.2 °C in average, p< 0.001) and between ca 1734 and 1782 AD (-0.6 °C \nin average, p< 0.1). Although the average temperature changes inferred by\nchironomids were within the error of prediction (1.5 °C) of the chironomid-\ntemperature inference model used for reconstruction, the pattern of \ntemperature changes corresponds well with records of the past millennium \nin Switzerland, in Europe and in the Northern Hemisphere. The average \ninferred July temperatures between ca 1900 and 2001 AD were significantly \nwarmer (p < 0.05) than the climate reference period (1961-1990) by 1 °C \nwhich is in agreement with the instrumental data. The inferred July \ntemperatures were in the same range as the inferred temperatures during \nthe last part of the MCA suggesting that during the 20th century, \nat Lake Silvaplana, the chironomid-inferred temperatures do not\nexceed the natural climate variability of the past millennium.\n","author":null,"citation":"Larocque-Tobler, I., M. Grosjean, O. Heiri, M. Trachsel, \nand C. Kamenik. 2010.\nThousand years of climate change reconstructed from chironomid \nsubfossils preserved in varved lake Silvaplana, Engadine, Switzerland. \nQuaternary Science Reviews, Volume 29, Issues 15-16, July 2010, Pages 1940-1949 doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.018 \n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.018 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.04.018 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Thousand years of climate change reconstructed from chironomid  subfossils preserved in varved lake Silvaplana, Engadine, Switzerland","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction","Medieval Warm Period"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"19885","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.45","9.8"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"9.8","maxElevationMeters":"1800","minElevationMeters":"1800","northernmostLatitude":"46.45","southernmostLatitude":"46.45","westernmostLongitude":"9.8"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Switzerland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19225","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/silvaplana2010.txt","linkText":"silvaplana2010.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"3-year triangular filter","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"10-year triangular filter","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"20-year triangular filter","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"50-year triangular filter","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/silvaplana2010.xls","linkText":"silvaplana2010.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"SILVA001","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1032,"earliestYearBP":918,"earliestYearCE":1032,"mostRecentYear":1998,"mostRecentYearBP":-48,"mostRecentYearCE":1998,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Lake Silvaplana"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Lake Silvaplana, Switzerland 1000 Year Chironomid Inferred Temperature","studyNotes":"Chironomid-inferred mean July temperature from Lake Silvaplana, \nSwitzerland for the last 1000 years. Data are presented with  \n3-year, 10-year, 20-year, and 50-year triangular filters, \nas plotted in Figure 6a of Larocque-Tobler et al. 2010. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9091"}