{"NOAAStudyId":"10429","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-05-13","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-10429.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":448,"earliestYearCE":1502,"entryId":"noaa-recon-10429","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":"017008-2"}],"investigators":"Leijonhufvud, L.; Wilson, R.J.S.; Moberg, A.; Söderberg, J.; Retsö, D.; Söderlind, U.","mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10429","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Historical documentary sources, reflecting different port activities \nin Stockholm, are utilised to derive a 500-year winter/spring \ntemperature reconstruction for the region. These documentary sources \nreflect sea ice conditions in the harbour inlet and those series that \noverlap with the instrumental data correlate well with winter/spring \ntemperatures. By refining dendroclimatological methods, the time-series \nwere composited to a mean series and calibrated (1756–1841; r2 = 66%) \nagainst Stockholm January-April temperatures. Strong verification \nwas confirmed (1842-1892; r2 = 60%; RE/CE = 0.55). By including the \ninstrumental data, the quantified (QUAN) reconstruction indicates that \nrecent two decades have been the warmest period for the last 500 years. \nColdest conditions occurred during the 16th/17th and early 19th centuries. \nAn independent qualitative (QUAL) historical index was also derived \nfor the Stockholm region. Comparison between QUAN and QUAL shows good \ncoherence at inter-annual time-scales, but QUAL distinctly appears to \nlack low frequency information. Comparison is also made to other winter \ntemperature based annually resolved records for the Baltic region. \nBetween proxy coherence is generally good although it decreases going \nback in time with the 1500-1550 period being the weakest period - \npossibly reflecting data quality issues in the different reconstructions. \n","author":null,"citation":"Leijonhufvud, L., R. Wilson, A. Moberg, J. Söderberg, D. Retsö, \nand U. Söderlind.  2010.  \nFive centuries of Stockholm winter/spring temperatures reconstructed \nfrom documentary evidence and instrumental observations. \nClimatic Change, Published online 28 August 2009. \nDOI 10.1007/s10584-009-9650-y\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s10584-009-9650-y","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9650-y"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climatic Change","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Five centuries of Stockholm winter/spring temperatures reconstructed  from documentary evidence and instrumental observations","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20599","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["59.15","18"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"18","maxElevationMeters":"75","minElevationMeters":"75","northernmostLatitude":"59.15","southernmostLatitude":"59.15","westernmostLongitude":"18"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Northern Europe>Scandanavia>Sweden","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19227","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/stockholm2010temperature.txt","linkText":"stockholm2010temperature.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jan-Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jan-Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"scaled to have same mean and standard deviation as instrumental; Post 1893 is represented by instrumental data","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jan-Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"scaled to have same mean and standard deviation as instrumental; Post 1756 is represented by instrumental data","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jan-Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"from a variety of documentary evidence related to shipping activity","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jan-Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jan-Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/stockholm2010temperature.xls","linkText":"stockholm2010temperature.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"SS1A","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1502,"earliestYearBP":448,"earliestYearCE":1502,"mostRecentYear":2008,"mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Stockholm"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Stockholm Winter/Spring 500 Year Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Reconstruction of winter and early spring (January-April) temperatures \nfor Stockholm, Sweden, based on documentary evidence of shipping activity.  \nDocumentary sources are used to determine the date when the sailing \nseason started each year. The sailing season in spring is related to \nthe ice cover of the Baltic, which is, in turn, closely related to the \nannual mean winter air temperature.  Dates are transformed into days \nafter New Year according to the Gregorian calendar for 1500 AD onwards, \nand then used to reconstruct Stockholm winter/spring temperatures.  \n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9093"}