{"NOAAStudyId":"10432","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-04-29","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-10432.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"entryId":"noaa-recon-10432","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":"017008-2"}],"investigators":"Glaser, R.; Riemann, D.","mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10432","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"This paper presents a temperature reconstruction of the past \n1000 years for Central Europe, based on chronological records. \nThe advantages and limitations of this hermeneutic, text-based \napproach are discussed and the statistic methodology is introduced. \nHistorical documents represent direct observation of weather \nand atmospheric conditions with highest temporal resolution \navailable and precise dating.  A major advantage of these \nextensive data is that they allow the reconstruction of large \nnumbers of variables such as winter temperature, precipitation, \npressure patterns or climate extremes as well as floods or storms. \nWithin this hermeneutic climatological research approach, \neven human impacts and social dimensions of climate development \ncan be examined. In order to quantify the historical information, \nstatistical methods are applied, based on an index approach. \n","author":null,"citation":"Glaser, R. and Riemann, D. 2009. \nA thousand-year record of temperature variations for Germany \nand Central Europe based on documentary data. \nJournal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 24, pp. 437-449. ISSN 0267-8179. \nDOI: 10.1002/jqs.1302","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/jqs.1302","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1302"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Quaternary Science","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A thousand-year record of temperature variations for Germany  and Central Europe based on documentary data","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"31579","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["45","53","6","20"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"20","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"53","southernmostLatitude":"45","westernmostLongitude":"6"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19230","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/glaser2009temperature/glaser2009temperature.txt","linkText":"glaser2009temperature.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smooth: 11 year moving average; reference period: 1761-1970 A.D.; calibration data set: local instrumental data; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smooth: 11 year moving average; reference period: 1761-1970 A.D.; calibration data set: local instrumental data; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smooth: 11 year moving average; reference period: 1761-1970 A.D.; calibration data set: local instrumental data; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":"95% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smooth: 11 year moving average; reference period: 1761-1970 A.D.; calibration data set: local instrumental data; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"95% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smooth: 11 year moving average; reference period: 1761-1970 A.D.; calibration data set: local instrumental data; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":"95% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smooth: 11 year moving average; reference period: 1761-1970 A.D.; calibration data set: local instrumental data; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"95% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Mar-May","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Sep-Nov","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jan","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Mar","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>May","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jun","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Oct","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Nov","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"temperature index with 0=average\"\",\"\" -/+1 colder/warmer than average\"\",\"\" -/+2 cold/warm\"\",\"\" -/+3 very cold/very warm\"","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Dec","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/glaser2009temperature/glaser2009temperature.xls","linkText":"glaser2009temperature.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"GR2009","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1000,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"mostRecentYear":2006,"mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Central Europe"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Central Europe 1000 Year Documentary Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Temperature indices and reconstruction for Germany and Central \nEurope over the past 1000 years, based on documentary data. \nThree time series are presented: seasonally resolved indices \nfor 1000-1500 A.D., monthly resolved indices for 1500-2006 A.D., \nand 11-year smoothed temperature reconstruction for 1000-2000 A.D. \n\nLarge parts of the underlying historical data on which the \nreconstruction is based can be accessed at HISKLID (Historische \nKlimadatenbank Deutschland - Historical Climate Database Germany), \ndatabase of climate and environment related information from \ndocumentary sources for Central Europe: www.hisklid.de \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9096"}