{"NOAAStudyId":"11178","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-06-08","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-11178.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":958,"earliestYearCE":992,"entryId":"noaa-recon-11178","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-0601884"},{"fundingAgency":"US Department of Agriculture Forest Service","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Stambaugh, M.C.; Guyette, R.P.; McMurry, E.R.; Cook, E.R.; Meko, D.M.; Lupo, A.R.","mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11178","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Drought is among the most costly natural hazards affecting the United \r\nStates, averaging $6 to $8 billion annually in damages, primarily in \r\ncrop losses.  Mitigating the impacts of drought through planning and \r\npreparedness has the potential to save billions of dollars. We used \r\na new long tree-ring chronology developed from the central U.S. to \r\nreconstruct annual drought and characterize past drought duration, \r\nfrequency, and cycles in the U.S. Corn Belt region during the last \r\nmillennium. This is the first paleoclimate reconstruction achieved \r\nwith subfossil oak wood in the U.S. and increases the current \r\ndendroclimatic record in the central U.S. agricultural region by \r\nover 500 years. A tree ring-width drought response function was \r\ncalibrated and verified against monthly instrumental Palmer \r\nHydrologic Drought Index (PHDI) during the summer season (JJA). \r\nSeparate reconstructions tailored to emphasize high-frequency \r\nand low-frequency variations indicate that drought conditions \r\nover the period of instrumental records (since 1895) do not exhibit \r\nthe full range of variability, severity, or duration of droughts \r\nduring the last millennium. For example, three years in the last \r\nmillennium were drier than 1934, a classic Dust-Bowl year and the \r\ndriest year of the instrumental period. Thirteen decadal to \r\nmultidecadal droughts (i.e., =>10 years) occurred during the last \r\nmillennium - the longest lasting sixty-one years and centered on \r\nthe late twelfth century. Reconstructions exhibited quasi-periodicity \r\nat bidecadal and century-scale periods. Significant rhythms in drought \r\nwere identified near 20-yr and 128-yr periods. The tree-ring drought \r\nreconstruction shows promise in providing new information about \r\nlong-term climate variability in the agricultural regions that \r\ncould potentially span multimillennia. We postulate that tree-ring \r\nchronologies (i.e., tree growth), thus far under-utilized in \r\nagricultural applications, have the potential to match contributions \r\nof instrumental climate data. \r\n\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Stambaugh, M.C., R.P. Guyette, E.R. McMurry, E.R. Cook, D.M. Meko, \r\nand A.R. Lupo. 2011. \r\nDrought duration and frequency in the U.S. Corn Belt during \r\nthe last millennium (AD 992-2004). \r\nAgricultural and Forest Meteorology, Vol. 151, Issue 2, \r\n15 February 2011, pp. 154-162.   doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.09.010 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.09.010","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2010.09.010"},"issue":null,"journal":"Agricultural and Forest Meteorology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Drought duration and frequency in the U.S. Corn Belt during  the last millennium (AD 992-2004)","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Palmer Drought Index Reconstruction","drought"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"48124","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["40","42","-93","-91"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-91","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"42","southernmostLatitude":"40","westernmostLongitude":"-93"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Iowa","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19754","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>ground water"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/centralusa2011phdi.txt","linkText":"centralusa2011phdi.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calibration data set: local instrumental data; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smooth: 32 year spline; calibration data set: instrumental data; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>ground water"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/centralusa2011phdi.xls","linkText":"centralusa2011phdi.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"CUSAPHDI","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":992,"earliestYearBP":958,"earliestYearCE":992,"mostRecentYear":2004,"mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Central United States"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Central United States 1000 Year Summer PHDI Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Tree ring reconstruction of summer (June-July-August, JJA) Palmer \nHydrologic Drought Index (PHDI) for the central United States \n(Missouri Climate Division 1, Iowa Climate Divisions 7 and 8) \nfor the past 1093 years. Tree-ring data were derived from a master \noak ring-width chronology spanning the period AD 912 to 2004. \nThe chronology was developed from live tree cores and sections \nof subfossil trees collected from the region of northern Missouri \nand southern Iowa, USA, ~41°N, 92°W. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9598"}