{"NOAAStudyId":"11194","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-05-16","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-11194.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1050,"earliestYearCE":900,"entryId":"noaa-recon-11194","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"National Basic Research Program of China","fundingGrant":"2011CB309704"},{"fundingAgency":"National Science Foundation of China ","fundingGrant":"40890155"}],"investigators":"Li, J.; Xie, S.-P.; Cook, E.R.; Huang, G.; D'Arrigo, R.D.; Liu, F.; Ma, J.; Zheng, X.-T.","mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11194","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant mode \r\nof interannual climate variability on Earth, alternating between \r\nanomalously warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) conditions in \r\nthe tropical Pacific at intervals of 2-8 years. The amplitude \r\nof ENSO variability affects the occurrence and predictability \r\nof climate extremes around the world, but our ability to detect \r\nand predict changes in ENSO amplitude is limited by the fact \r\nthat the instrumental record is too short to characterize its \r\nnatural variability. Here we use the North American Drought \r\nAtlas - a database of drought reconstructions based on \r\ntree-ring records - to produce a continuous, annually resolved \r\nrecord of ENSO variability over the past 1,100 years. Our record \r\nis in broad agreement with independent, ENSO-sensitive proxy \r\nrecords in the Pacific and surrounding regions. Together, these \r\nrecords indicate that ENSO amplitude exhibits a quasi-regular \r\ncycle of 50-90 years that is closely coupled to the tropical \r\nPacific mean state. Anomalously warm conditions in the \r\neastern Pacific are associated with enhanced ENSO variability, \r\nconsistent with model simulations. The quasi-periodic ENSO \r\namplitude modulation reported here offers a key observational \r\nconstraint for improving models and their prediction of ENSO \r\nbehaviour linked to global warming. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Li, J., S.-P. Xie, E.R. Cook, G. Huang, R. D'Arrigo, F. Liu, J. Ma, \r\nand X.-T. Zheng. 2011. \r\nInterdecadal modulation of El Niño amplitude during the past millennium. \r\nNature Climate Change, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 114-118, May 2011 \r\ndoi:10.1038/nclimate1086 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nclimate1086","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1086"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Climate Change","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Interdecadal modulation of El Niño amplitude during the past millennium","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction","ENSO"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"48144","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-20","20","145","-80"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-80","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"20","southernmostLatitude":"-20","westernmostLongitude":"145"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19791","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-li2011.txt","linkText":"enso-li2011.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"filter: 9 year Lanczos highpass","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"principal component analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>El Nino Southern Oscillation Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smooth: 21 year running biweight","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"principal component analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>El Nino Southern Oscillation Index"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-li2011.xls","linkText":"enso-li2011.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"TropicalPacific","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":900,"earliestYearBP":1050,"earliestYearCE":900,"mostRecentYear":2002,"mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Tropical Pacific"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"1,100 Year El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Index Reconstruction","studyNotes":"An index of canonical ENSO variability for the past 1,100 years, \nderived from the first principal component of tree-ring based \nNorth America Drought Atlas (NADA). This index comprises interannual \nENSO variability only, as a 9-year Lanczos highpass filter was applied \non time series at each NADA grid point. A 21-year running biweight \nvariance was calculated to measure changes in ENSO amplitude. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9632"}