{"NOAAStudyId":"11205","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-06-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-11205.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1581,"earliestYearCE":369,"entryId":"noaa-recon-11205","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US Geological Survey","fundingGrant":"Western Mountain Initiative"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"GSS-0620793, DEB-0734277"}],"investigators":"Pederson, G.T.; Gray, S.T.; Woodhouse, C.A.; Betancourt, J.L.; Fagre, D.B.; Littell, J.S.; Watson, E.; Luckman, B.H.; Graumlich, L.J.","mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11205","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"In western North America, snowpack has declined in recent decades, and further losses are projected through the 21st century. Here, we evaluate the uniqueness of recent declines using snowpack reconstructions from 66 tree-ring chronologies in key runoff-generating areas of the Colorado, Columbia, and Missouri River drainages. Over the past millennium, late 20th century snowpack reductions are almost unprecedented in magnitude across the northern Rocky Mountains and in their north-south synchrony across the cordillera. Both the snowpack declines and their synchrony result from unparalleled springtime warming that is due to positive reinforcement of the anthropogenic warming by decadal variability. The increasing role of warming on large-scale snowpack variability and trends foreshadows fundamental impacts on streamflow and water supplies across the western United States.","author":{"name":"Gregory T. Pederson, Stephen T. Gray, Connie A. Woodhouse, Julio L. Betancourt, Daniel B. Fagre, Jeremy S. Littell, Emma Watson, Brian H. Luckman, Lisa J. Graumlich"},"citation":"Gregory T. Pederson, Stephen T. Gray, Connie A. Woodhouse, Julio L. Betancourt, Daniel B. Fagre, Jeremy S. Littell, Emma Watson, Brian H. Luckman, Lisa J. Graumlich. 2011. The unusual nature of recent snowpack declines in the North American Cordillera. Science, 333(6040), 332-335. doi: 10.1126/science.1201570","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1201570","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1201570"},"issue":"6040","journal":"Science","pages":"332-335","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"The unusual nature of recent snowpack declines in the North American Cordillera","type":"publication","volume":"333"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction","drought"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"48157","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["36","49","-117","-105"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-105","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"49","southernmostLatitude":"36","westernmostLongitude":"-117"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"19807","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>streamflow"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/cordillera-south2011swe.xls","linkText":"cordillera-south2011swe.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"composite April 1 SWE reconstruction built using \"\"standard\"\" chronologies (i.e. autocorrelation preserved), and extended using successively longer versions of the reconstrution that have had their mean and variance scaled to equal the \"\"best\"\" reconstruction\"","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"April 1; 20 year cubic smoothing spline (50% frequency cut-off)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"April 1; 20 year cubic smoothing spline (50% frequency cut-off)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"April 1; 50 year cubic smoothing spline (50% frequency cut-off)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"April 1; 50 year cubic smoothing spline (50% frequency cut-off)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"April 1 SWE","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>streamflow"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/readme-cordillera2011swe.txt","linkText":"readme-cordillera2011swe.txt","urlDescription":"Readme","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>total ring width"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>streamflow"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/cordillera-north2011swe.xls","linkText":"cordillera-north2011swe.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"composite April 1 SWE reconstruction built using \"\"standard\"\" chronologies (i.e. autocorrelation preserved), and extended using successively longer versions of the reconstrution that have had their mean and variance scaled to equal the \"\"best\"\" reconstruction\"","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"April 1; 20 year cubic smoothing spline (50% frequency cut-off)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"April 1; 20 year cubic smoothing spline (50% frequency cut-off)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"April 1; 50 year cubic smoothing spline (50% frequency cut-off)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"April 1; 50 year cubic smoothing spline (50% frequency cut-off)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"April 1 SWE","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>streamflow"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/cordillera2011rwl.zip","linkText":"cordillera2011rwl.zip","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"units are 0.01 mm if end-of-series marker is 999 and 0.001 mm if end-of-series marker is -9999","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"physical property>length>total ring width"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>streamflow"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/cordillera2011swe-suppl.xls","linkText":"cordillera2011swe-suppl.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"NAC001","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":369,"earliestYearBP":1581,"earliestYearCE":369,"mostRecentYear":2009,"mostRecentYearBP":-59,"mostRecentYearCE":2009,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"North American Cordillera"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"North American Cordillera 1600 Year Snowpack Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Tree-ring based reconstructions of annual snow water equivalent (SWE) \ncontained in drainage basins of the North American Cordillera for the \nlast 1600 years.  Reconstructions data are available in two \nExcel data files for the Northern and Southern Cordillera: \nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/cordillera-north2011swe.xls \nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/cordillera-south2011swe.xls \n\nSupplementary Tables containing site locations, formulas, and statistics are available in a separate \nExcel file: \nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/cordillera2011swe-suppl.xls\n\nThe 66 tree ring width data sets utilized in this study are listed in Table S3, and are available \nin the International Tree Ring Data Bank:\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treering.html \nand in a ZIP archive file for this study: \nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/cordillera2011rwl.zip \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9641"}