{"NOAAStudyId":"11749","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-06-29","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-11749.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":410,"earliestYearCE":1540,"entryId":"noaa-recon-11749","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":"017008-2 MILLENNIUM"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE 04-02474, ATM 03-49356"},{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"NER/GR3/ 12021"}],"investigators":"Wilson, R.J.S.; Cook, E.R.; D'Arrigo, R.D.; Riedwyl, N.; Evans, M.N.; Tudhope, A.W.; Allan, R.J.","mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11749","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"In this study we compare three newly developed independent NINO3.4 \r\nsea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions using data from \r\n(1) the central Pacific (corals), (2) the TexMex region of the \r\nUSA (tree rings) and (3) other regions in the Tropics (corals \r\nand an ice core) which are teleconnected with central Pacific \r\nSSTs in the 20th century. Although these three reconstructions \r\nare strongly calibrated and well verified, inter-proxy comparison \r\nshows a significant weakening in interproxy coherence in the \r\n19th century. This breakdown in common signal could be related \r\nto insufficient data, dating errors in some of the proxy records \r\nor a breakdown in El Nino–Southern Oscillation's (ENSO's) influence \r\non other regions.  However, spectral analysis indicates that each \r\nreconstruction portrays ENSO-like spectral properties. Superposed \r\nepoch analysis also shows that each reconstruction shows a \r\ngenerally consistent 'El Nino-like' response to major volcanic \r\nevents in the following year, while during years T+4 to T+7 \r\n'La Nina-like' conditions prevail. These results suggest that \r\neach of the series expresses ENSO-like 'behaviour', but this \r\n'behaviour' does not appear to be spatially or temporally consistent. \r\nThis result may reflect published observations that there appear \r\nto be distinct 'types' of ENSO variability depending on location \r\nwithin the tropical Pacific. Future work must address potential \r\ndating issues within some proxies (i.e. sampling of multiple \r\ncoral heads for one location) as well as assessing the time \r\nstability of local climate relationships with central Pacific SSTs. \r\nMore emphasis is needed on sampling new and extending old coral \r\nproxy records from the crucial central and eastern tropical \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Wilson, R., E. Cook, R. D'Arrigo, N. Riedwyl, M.N. Evans, \r\nA. Tudhope, and R. Allan. 2010. \r\nReconstructing ENSO: the influence of method, proxy data, \r\nclimate forcing and teleconnections. \r\nJournal of Quaternary Science, Vol. 25, Issue 1, pp. 62–78, \r\nJanuary 2010. DOI: 10.1002/jqs.1297, ISSN 0267-8179. \r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/jqs.1297","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1297"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Quaternary Science","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2010,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Reconstructing ENSO: the influence of method, proxy data,  climate forcing and teleconnections","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["ENSO","Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54325","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-5","5","-170","-120"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-120","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"5","southernmostLatitude":"-5","westernmostLongitude":"-170"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"38721","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature","earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010.txt","linkText":"enso-wilson2010.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation","earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-wilson2010.xls","linkText":"enso-wilson2010.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Wilson2010","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1540,"earliestYearBP":410,"earliestYearCE":1540,"mostRecentYear":2007,"mostRecentYearBP":-57,"mostRecentYearCE":2007,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Nino3.4"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Nino3.4 SST 460 Year Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Nino3.4 SST reconstructions based on a variety of proxy data, \nutilizing 3 reconstruction methodologies, for the core ENSO \nregion in the central and eastern tropical Pacific, and for \nother tropical regions displaying teleconnected ENSO responses. \nThe first region is labeled the 'centre of action' (COA), \nlocated in the central and eastern Pacific, where SSTs are \npositively correlated with NINO3.4 SSTs.  The second region \nis the 'teleconnection' (TEL) region covering all other \ntropical areas where SSTs are either inversely \n(e.g. Indonesia to Tonga) or positively (e.g. Indian Ocean) \ncorrelated with NINO3.4 SSTs. \n\nIndependent reconstructions of annual NINO3.4 SSTs were \ndeveloped for the COA and TEL regions, using three approaches: \n(1) composite plus regression, (2) principal component regression, \nand (3) regularised expectation maximisation. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"9913"}