{"NOAAStudyId":"11816","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-07-06","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-11816.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1700,"earliestYearCE":250,"entryId":"noaa-recon-11816","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Saenger, C.P.; Came, R.E.; Oppo, D.W.; Keigwin, L.D.; Cohen, A.L.","mostRecentYearBP":100,"mostRecentYearCE":1850,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11816","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Western subtropical North Atlantic oceanic and atmospheric \r\ncirculations connect tropical and subpolar climates. Variations \r\nin these circulations can generate regional climate anomalies \r\nthat are not reflected in Northern Hemisphere averages. \r\nAssessing the significance of anthropogenic climate change \r\nat regional scales requires proxy records that allow recent \r\ntrends to be interpreted in the context of long-term regional \r\nvariability.  We present reconstructions of Gulf Stream sea \r\nsurface temperature (SST) and hydrographic variability during \r\nthe past two millennia based on the magnesium/calcium ratio \r\nand oxygen isotopic composition of planktic foraminifera \r\npreserved in two western subtropical North Atlantic sediment \r\ncores. Reconstructed SST suggests low-frequency variability \r\nof ~1°C during an interval that includes the Medieval Climate \r\nAnomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). A warm interval \r\nnear 1250 A.D. is distinct from regional and hemispheric \r\ntemperature, possibly reflecting regional variations in \r\nocean-atmosphere heat flux associated with changes in \r\natmospheric circulation (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation) \r\nor the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Seawater \r\nd18O, which is marked by a fresher MCA and a more saline LIA, \r\ncovaries with meridional migrations of the Atlantic Intertropical \r\nConvergence Zone. The northward advection of tropical salinity \r\nanomalies by mean surface currents provides a plausible mechanism \r\nlinking Carolina Slope and tropical Atlantic hydrology. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Saenger, C., R.E. Came, D.W. Oppo, L.D. Keigwin, and A.L. Cohen. 2011. \r\nRegional climate variability in the western subtropical North Atlantic \r\nduring the past two millennia. \r\nPaleoceanography, 26, PA2206, doi:10.1029/2010PA002038. \r\n\r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2010PA002038","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002038"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Regional climate variability in the western subtropical North Atlantic  during the past two millennia","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction","Little Ice Age (LIA)","Medieval Warm Period","Other Hydroclimate 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