{"NOAAStudyId":"11919","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-08-04","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-11919.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":177,"earliestYearCE":1773,"entryId":"noaa-recon-11919","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"RAPID"},{"fundingAgency":"Norwegian Research Council (NCR)","fundingGrant":"NARE"}],"investigators":"Miettinen, A.; Koç, N.; Hall, I.R.; Godtliebsen, F.; Divine, D.V.","mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11919","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"August Sea Surface Temperatures (aSSTs) based on fossil diatom \r\nassemblages are generated with 2 year average resolution from a \r\n230-year-long sediment core (Rapid 21-12B), from the Reykjanes \r\nRidge in the subpolar North Atlantic. The results indicate a \r\nwarming trend of ~0.5°C of the surface waters at the Reykjanes \r\nRidge for the last 230 years. Superimposed on this warming trend \r\nthere is a multidecadal to decadal aSST variability of up to 1°C. \r\nThe interval from the 1770s to the 1830s represents the coldest \r\nperiod, whereas ~1860–1880 represents the warmest period during \r\nthe last 230 years. The last 25 years is characterized by a \r\nwarming trend showing strong decadal aSST variability with \r\nseveral warm years, but also the coldest years since the 1820s. \r\nThe time of these cold years in the mid-1970s, -1980s and -1990s \r\ncorrespond with the documented great salinity anomalies (GSA) \r\nin the North Atlantic suggesting increased fluxes of cold, \r\nlow-salinity waters from the Arctic during the last decades. \r\nThe aSST record and the August North Atlantic Oscillation (aNAO) \r\nindex show similar multidecadal-scale variability indicating \r\na close coupling between the oceanic and atmospheric patterns. \r\nThe aSST record shows a negative correlation with the aNAO \r\nindicating cold aSST during the positive aNAO trend and vice \r\nversa. Results suggest that the wind driven variation in volume \r\nfluxes of the North Atlantic surface waters could be the major \r\nmechanism behind the observed relationship. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Miettinen, A., N. Koç, I.R. Hall, F. Godtliebsen, and D. Divine. 2011. \r\nNorth Atlantic sea surface temperatures and their relation to \r\nthe North Atlantic Oscillation during the last 230 years. \r\nClimate Dynamics, Vol. 36, Numbers 3-4, pp. 533-543, \r\nDOI: 10.1007/s00382-010-0791-5 \r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s00382-010-0791-5 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0791-5 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate Dynamics","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"North Atlantic sea surface temperatures and their relation to  the North Atlantic Oscillation during the last 230 years","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["North Atlantic Oscillation","Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52320","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["57.4525","-27.9147"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-27.9147","maxElevationMeters":"-2630","minElevationMeters":"-2630","northernmostLatitude":"57.4525","southernmostLatitude":"57.4525","westernmostLongitude":"-27.9147"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20215","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miettinen2011/miettinen2011.txt","linkText":"miettinen2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample start"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"weighted averaging partial least squares transfer function","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miettinen2011/miettinen2011.xls","linkText":"miettinen2011.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"PbBa","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1773,"earliestYearBP":177,"earliestYearCE":1773,"mostRecentYear":2004,"mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Rapid-21-12B"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Reykjanes Ridge 230 Year Diatom August SST Reconstruction ","studyNotes":"A 230-year-long (~1773-2004 AD) August Sea Surface Temperature \n(aSST) record, with 2 year average resolution, from marine \nsediment core Rapid 21-12B collected in the northern subpolar \nNorth Atlantic.  The 54.3 cm long sediment box-core was recovered \nfrom the southern limb of the Gardar Drift on the eastern flank \nof Reykjanes Ridge, in the Iceland Basin, during the RRS Charles \nDarwin cruise 159 in 2004. The aSST reconstruction is based on \nfossil diatom assemblages and the weighted averaging partial \nleast squares (WA-PLS) transfer function method. \n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10021"}