{"NOAAStudyId":"11932","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-09-12","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-11932.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1000000,"earliestYearCE":-998050,"entryId":"noaa-recon-11932","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Netherlands Organization  for Scientific Research (NWO)","fundingGrant":"SPINOZA award"}],"investigators":"Bintanja, R.; van de Wal, R.S.W.; Oerlemans, J.H.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11932","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Marine records of sediment oxygen isotope compositions show \r\nthat the Earth's climate has gone through a succession of \r\nglacialand interglacial periods during the past million years. \r\nBut the interpretation of the oxygen isotope records is \r\ncomplicated because both isotope storage in ice sheets \r\nand deep-water temperature affect the recorded isotopic \r\ncomposition. Separating these two effects would require \r\nlong records of either sea level or deep-ocean temperature, \r\nwhich are currently not available. Here we use a coupled model \r\nof the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and ocean temperatures, \r\nforced to match an oxygen isotope record for the past million \r\nyears compiled from 57 globally distributed sediment cores, \r\nto quantify both contributions simultaneously.  We find that \r\nthe ice-sheet contribution to the variability in oxygen isotope \r\ncomposition varied from ten per cent in the beginning of glacial \r\nperiods to sixty per cent at glacial maxima, suggesting that \r\nstrong ocean cooling preceded slow ice-sheet build-up. \r\nThe model yields mutually consistent time series of continental \r\nmean surface temperatures between 40 and 808 N, ice volume \r\nand global sea level. We find that during extreme glacial stages, \r\nair temperatures were 17 +/- 1.8C lower than present, with a \r\n120 +/- 10m sea level equivalent of continental ice present. \r\n\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Bintanja, R., R.S.W. van de Wal, and J. Oerlemans. 2005. \r\nModelled atmospheric temperatures and global sea levels \r\nover the past million years. \r\nNature, Vol. 437, pp. 125-128, 1 September 2005. \r\ndoi:10.1038/nature03975 \r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature03975 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature03975 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2005,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Modelled atmospheric temperatures and global sea levels  over the past million years","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["sea level","Sea Level Reconstruction","Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"-90","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20412","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature","earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea level","earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>ice extent"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bintanja2005/bintanja2005.txt","linkText":"bintanja2005.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar kiloyear before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized relative to present","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized relative to present","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>sea level"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Eurasian ice sheet volume in meters of sea level equivalent; anomalized relative to present","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>ice sheet volume"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"North American ice sheet volume in meters of sea level equivalent; anomalized relative to present","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"meter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>ice sheet volume"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Marine oxygen isotope value relative to present","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"Ice sheet contribution to the marine isotope signal, relative to present\"","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"Deep-sea temperature contribution to the marine isotope signal, relative to present\"","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>sea water","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Mean isotope value of the Eurasian ice sheets","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Mean isotope value of the North American ice sheets","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"hydrologic material>bulk ice","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature","earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea level","earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>ice extent"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/bintanja2005/bintanja2005.xls","linkText":"bintanja2005.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Bintanja2005","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1000000,"earliestYearBP":1000000,"earliestYearCE":-998050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Global"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Global 1Ma Temperature, Sea Level, and Ice Volume Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Modelled reconstructions of surface air temperature, ice volume, \nand sea level derived from marine benthic oxygen isotopes (LR04 stack) \nfor the past one million years.  \n\nThe reconstructed atmospheric surface air temperatures apply to \nall subarctic to arctic land masses (including continental shelves)\nnorth of about ~45N. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10035"}